Geri Exam #2 questions with complete
solutions
↓ esophageal sphincter pressure increases chances of - correct answer ✔✔hiatal
hernia
How would you advise a patient with weakening of lower esophageal sphincter to
swallow meds? - correct answer ✔✔Advise to swallow meds in upright position,
drink at least 8 oz of water when taking any med, remain in upright position for 30
minutes to prevent reflux into the esophagus
What older adults are more at risk for esophageal disorders? - correct answer
✔✔with underlying systemic diseases like vascular and neurological
What can aggravate an esophageal disorder(hiatal hernia)? - correct answer
✔✔obesity, smoking, large meals on a routine basis
*These disorders can be managed with lifestyle modification if not severe
What OTC med can be used to decrease stomach acidity? - correct answer
✔✔Antacids
Testing for esophageal disorder? - correct answer ✔✔Barium swallow to see
esophagus, diaphragm, and stomach pathways
Only extreme cases would we do surgical repair
,Decreased esophageal mobility puts you at risk for... - correct answer
✔✔aspiration
Diminished capacity of the gastric mucosa to resist damage from factors such as...
- correct answer ✔✔NSAIDS and helicobacter pylori.
With low gastric mucosa our stomach cannot handle these things as well.
Decreased production of bile acid synthesis can result in... - correct answer
✔✔Cholelithiasis ( gallstones)
Absorption of vitamin B12 may be decreased in older adults because of decreased
- correct answer ✔✔production of intrinsic factor by the stomach.
**Older adults may produce less intrinsic factor, which may decrease vitamin B12
absorption. Vitamin B12 absorption is not affected by intestinal motility or bile
production***
Intrinsic Factor: Source - correct answer ✔✔Parietal cells (stomach)
intrinsic factor deficient - correct answer ✔✔Autoimmune destruction of parietal
cells -> chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia.
*Post gastrectomy patients are @ risk for having deficits in the intrinsic factors
Sensitivity of taste receptors may be altered if an individual has an inadequate
intake of - correct answer ✔✔zinc
,*Inadequate zinc intake decreases sensitivity of taste receptors**
Inadequate intakes of iron and vitamin B12 are associated with - correct answer
✔✔anemia
In older adults, weakening of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract may cause -
correct answer ✔✔constipation
**Weakening of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract may cause constipation in
older adults because the muscles do not push food along as powerfully.
A reason that dehydration may be a problem in older adults is that - correct
answer ✔✔the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine decreases.
The Nutrition Screening Initiative is intended to help - correct answer ✔✔identify
adults older than 65 who are at nutritional risk.
If someone is under continued stress and starts to experience severe stomach
pain, they may have.... - correct answer ✔✔a peptic ulcer.
**Long-term stress can stimulate excessive stomach acid secretion and contribute
to peptic ulcer formation.
As adults age, they are likely to want to add _____ to their food. - correct answer
✔✔More salt. - because their taste buds aren't as good so it increases flavor
*encourage salt substitues, to prevent water retention and high BP
, Dysgeusia - correct answer ✔✔altered taste perception, metallic or chalky taste in
mouth
Xerostomia - correct answer ✔✔lack of saliva production
*dry mouth can affect taste,hinder swallowing, and cause dentures not to fit as
well
Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, slalivary glands, pancreas neutralize... -
correct answer ✔✔acid
In the stomach, decreases in the size and number of glands and mucous
membrane can lead to.. - correct answer ✔✔atrophic gastritis
Decrease production of intrinsic factor can cause the development of.. - correct
answer ✔✔pernicious anemia
Achlorhydria - correct answer ✔✔lack of hydrochloric acid production
Lack of adequate hydrochloric production can limit absorption of - correct answer
✔✔Iron & B12
* requires an acid medium in stomach to begin absorption
On an older adults plate one quarter of meal should be... - correct answer
✔✔protein
* like dairy,eggs,beans, meat, poultry, and fish
solutions
↓ esophageal sphincter pressure increases chances of - correct answer ✔✔hiatal
hernia
How would you advise a patient with weakening of lower esophageal sphincter to
swallow meds? - correct answer ✔✔Advise to swallow meds in upright position,
drink at least 8 oz of water when taking any med, remain in upright position for 30
minutes to prevent reflux into the esophagus
What older adults are more at risk for esophageal disorders? - correct answer
✔✔with underlying systemic diseases like vascular and neurological
What can aggravate an esophageal disorder(hiatal hernia)? - correct answer
✔✔obesity, smoking, large meals on a routine basis
*These disorders can be managed with lifestyle modification if not severe
What OTC med can be used to decrease stomach acidity? - correct answer
✔✔Antacids
Testing for esophageal disorder? - correct answer ✔✔Barium swallow to see
esophagus, diaphragm, and stomach pathways
Only extreme cases would we do surgical repair
,Decreased esophageal mobility puts you at risk for... - correct answer
✔✔aspiration
Diminished capacity of the gastric mucosa to resist damage from factors such as...
- correct answer ✔✔NSAIDS and helicobacter pylori.
With low gastric mucosa our stomach cannot handle these things as well.
Decreased production of bile acid synthesis can result in... - correct answer
✔✔Cholelithiasis ( gallstones)
Absorption of vitamin B12 may be decreased in older adults because of decreased
- correct answer ✔✔production of intrinsic factor by the stomach.
**Older adults may produce less intrinsic factor, which may decrease vitamin B12
absorption. Vitamin B12 absorption is not affected by intestinal motility or bile
production***
Intrinsic Factor: Source - correct answer ✔✔Parietal cells (stomach)
intrinsic factor deficient - correct answer ✔✔Autoimmune destruction of parietal
cells -> chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia.
*Post gastrectomy patients are @ risk for having deficits in the intrinsic factors
Sensitivity of taste receptors may be altered if an individual has an inadequate
intake of - correct answer ✔✔zinc
,*Inadequate zinc intake decreases sensitivity of taste receptors**
Inadequate intakes of iron and vitamin B12 are associated with - correct answer
✔✔anemia
In older adults, weakening of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract may cause -
correct answer ✔✔constipation
**Weakening of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract may cause constipation in
older adults because the muscles do not push food along as powerfully.
A reason that dehydration may be a problem in older adults is that - correct
answer ✔✔the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine decreases.
The Nutrition Screening Initiative is intended to help - correct answer ✔✔identify
adults older than 65 who are at nutritional risk.
If someone is under continued stress and starts to experience severe stomach
pain, they may have.... - correct answer ✔✔a peptic ulcer.
**Long-term stress can stimulate excessive stomach acid secretion and contribute
to peptic ulcer formation.
As adults age, they are likely to want to add _____ to their food. - correct answer
✔✔More salt. - because their taste buds aren't as good so it increases flavor
*encourage salt substitues, to prevent water retention and high BP
, Dysgeusia - correct answer ✔✔altered taste perception, metallic or chalky taste in
mouth
Xerostomia - correct answer ✔✔lack of saliva production
*dry mouth can affect taste,hinder swallowing, and cause dentures not to fit as
well
Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, slalivary glands, pancreas neutralize... -
correct answer ✔✔acid
In the stomach, decreases in the size and number of glands and mucous
membrane can lead to.. - correct answer ✔✔atrophic gastritis
Decrease production of intrinsic factor can cause the development of.. - correct
answer ✔✔pernicious anemia
Achlorhydria - correct answer ✔✔lack of hydrochloric acid production
Lack of adequate hydrochloric production can limit absorption of - correct answer
✔✔Iron & B12
* requires an acid medium in stomach to begin absorption
On an older adults plate one quarter of meal should be... - correct answer
✔✔protein
* like dairy,eggs,beans, meat, poultry, and fish
