MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING CONCEPTS
AND PRACTICE 3RD ED. CHAPTER 3: FLUIDS,
ACID-BASE BALANCE, AND IV THERAPY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT AND UPDATED!!
,What percent of human body weight is water? - ANSWER over half
What happens to the amount of body water throughout life? - ANSWER it gradually
declines
What part of the body contains less water than other tissues? - ANSWER body fat
What are the functions of water in the body? - ANSWER transportation
heat regulation
H+ balance
medium in enzyme action in digestion
What is intracellular fluid? - ANSWER fluid inside the cell that makes up 2/3 of all body
fluid
What is extracellular fluid? - ANSWER fluid outside of the cell
What type of fluids are extracellular? - ANSWER intravascular fluid
transcellular fluid
interstitial fluid
What is intravascular fluid? - ANSWER fluid within the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? - ANSWER fluid in the spaces surrounding the cells
What is transcellular fluid? - ANSWER saliva
CSF
pleural fluid
peritoneal fluid
synovial fluid
pericardial fluid
GI secretions
urine
lymph
What organ plays the most important role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance? -
ANSWER kidneys
What other factors maintain fluid and electrolyte balance? - ANSWER thirst mechanism
osmoreceptors
, ADH
aldosterone
ANP
baroceptors
What is osmosis? - ANSWER the movement of water across the semi-permeable
membrane
What is filtration? - ANSWER the movement of water and solutes through a semi-
permable membrane d/t a pushing force (hydrostatic pressure)
Differentiate how fluids move in osmosis vs diffusion. - ANSWER fluid move from lower
to higher in osmosis and from higher to lower in diffusion
What is osmotic pressure? - ANSWER the pulling pressure that sucks water toward the
solid in the liquid
What is hydrostatic pressure? - ANSWER the pushing pressure that shoves water
through the membrane;force of blood pressure pushing fluid from arterioles to tissues
What is isotonic? - ANSWER equal solute concentration in both ICF and ECF
(normal saline)
What is hypertonic solution? - ANSWER fluid that has a greater concentration of solutes
than in the cell
What is hypotonic solution? - ANSWER solution that has less concentration of solutes
than in the cell
(tap water)
Where does filtration occur? - ANSWER in the kidneys
What is active transport? - ANSWER movement that requires energy
What movements occur by active transport? - ANSWER amino acids
glucose
iron
sodium
potassium
AND PRACTICE 3RD ED. CHAPTER 3: FLUIDS,
ACID-BASE BALANCE, AND IV THERAPY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT AND UPDATED!!
,What percent of human body weight is water? - ANSWER over half
What happens to the amount of body water throughout life? - ANSWER it gradually
declines
What part of the body contains less water than other tissues? - ANSWER body fat
What are the functions of water in the body? - ANSWER transportation
heat regulation
H+ balance
medium in enzyme action in digestion
What is intracellular fluid? - ANSWER fluid inside the cell that makes up 2/3 of all body
fluid
What is extracellular fluid? - ANSWER fluid outside of the cell
What type of fluids are extracellular? - ANSWER intravascular fluid
transcellular fluid
interstitial fluid
What is intravascular fluid? - ANSWER fluid within the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? - ANSWER fluid in the spaces surrounding the cells
What is transcellular fluid? - ANSWER saliva
CSF
pleural fluid
peritoneal fluid
synovial fluid
pericardial fluid
GI secretions
urine
lymph
What organ plays the most important role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance? -
ANSWER kidneys
What other factors maintain fluid and electrolyte balance? - ANSWER thirst mechanism
osmoreceptors
, ADH
aldosterone
ANP
baroceptors
What is osmosis? - ANSWER the movement of water across the semi-permeable
membrane
What is filtration? - ANSWER the movement of water and solutes through a semi-
permable membrane d/t a pushing force (hydrostatic pressure)
Differentiate how fluids move in osmosis vs diffusion. - ANSWER fluid move from lower
to higher in osmosis and from higher to lower in diffusion
What is osmotic pressure? - ANSWER the pulling pressure that sucks water toward the
solid in the liquid
What is hydrostatic pressure? - ANSWER the pushing pressure that shoves water
through the membrane;force of blood pressure pushing fluid from arterioles to tissues
What is isotonic? - ANSWER equal solute concentration in both ICF and ECF
(normal saline)
What is hypertonic solution? - ANSWER fluid that has a greater concentration of solutes
than in the cell
What is hypotonic solution? - ANSWER solution that has less concentration of solutes
than in the cell
(tap water)
Where does filtration occur? - ANSWER in the kidneys
What is active transport? - ANSWER movement that requires energy
What movements occur by active transport? - ANSWER amino acids
glucose
iron
sodium
potassium
