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659 Midterm Exam – Verified Questions &
Answers 2025/2026
Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned response?
Which one IS conditioned? (learned)
Pupil constriction due to bright light in the eye
Salivation in response to the sound of a dinner bell
An eye blink in response to a puff of air in the eye
Salivation in response to food in the mouth
Which of the following is NOT an example of a conditioned response?
which is unconditioned (natural)
A positive emotional response when a man smells his girlfriend’s perfume
Startle response in response to a loud noise
Fear response (autonomic arousal) when walking down a dark street
Startle response in response to the sight of a gun
Stimulation that is painful to the body is an example of a(n) ____________ stimulus.
Unconditioned
environmental
conditioned
neutral
Another name for respondent conditioning is:
Classical conditioning
A response elicited by the conditioned stimulus is referred to as a(n) ____________ response.
Conditioned
the first person to demonstrate respondent (classical) conditioning:
Pavlov
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In order for respondent conditioning to be most effective, the neutral stimulus should occur
____________ the unconditioned stimulus occurs.
Before
Andy answers a question in class and is praised by the teacher. As a result, Andy is more likely
to answer questions in class. Andy’s behavior of answering questions in class is referred to as
____________ behavior.
Behavior is increased by reinforcement
operant
Which of the following is NOT a question to ask when trying to decide whether a situation
represents positive or negative reinforcement?
Did the stimulus appear to be pleasant?
On weekends, Laura comes home on time so that she is not grounded by her parents. Coming
home on time in order to avoid being grounded is an example of
Avoidance behavior
Trying to prevent an unpleasant stimulus
Andrew wants to play baseball with his friends. Before Andrew can play, his parents tell him
that he has to clean his room, which he hates to do. Requiring Andrew to clean his room before
he can play baseball with his friends is an example of
The Premack principle
Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned reinforcer?
Which IS conditioned
Food
Money
Escape from extreme heat
Water
Bill spits on an umpire during a baseball game and is suspended for 10 games. As a result of
being suspended, Bill never spits on an umpire again. Being suspended for his behavior of
spitting is referred to as a
He needed a punisher. Difference between punisher and punishment is grammatical.
Punishment
Punisher
Conditioned response
Reinforcer
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The difference between punishment and reinforcement is that in punishment
The behavior decreases in the future
Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed
from class activities, Andrew never swears at his teacher again. This is an example of
Something he enjoys is taken away
Negative punishment
Sam skips school so that he can play video games at the arcade. Sam’s parents find him there
and make him mow the lawn when they get home. As a result of having to mow the lawn, Sam
doesn’t skip school to go to the arcade anymore. Having to do something he dislikes as a
punisher for the problem behavior is an example of
The Premack principle
Positive punishment would be correct too, because mowing the lawn is added
The principles of reinforcement and punishment are alike in that
Reinforcement and punishment are the result (consequence) of a bx. Bx followed by a
consequence
Behavior is followed by a consequence
Behavior is weakened
Behavior is strengthened
Behavior is classically conditioned
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is ____________ reinforced.
no longer
Timmy takes out the garbage and his mother praises him when he does it. When his mother
stops praising him, Timmy stops taking out the garbage. Timmy’s behavior of taking out the
garbage has been
Extinguished
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an extinction burst?
Novel behaviors may occur
Behavior becomes resistant to reinforcement
Emotional responses may occur
Unreinforced behavior may briefly increase
Randy stopped putting money into a candy machine because he stopped getting candy out.
After a couple of months Randy put money into the candy machine again, but when no candy
came out, he stopped putting money in. Randy’s behavior of putting money into the candy
machine after a couple of months is an example of
Spontaneous recovery
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In order to extinguish a negatively reinforced behavior, the ____________ is no longer removed
or avoided following the behavior.
Something unpleasant to increase a behavior. Unpleasant thing is then removed. (buckling up
to make beeping go away). To extinguish bx of buckling up, we would no longer remove that
beeping. We learn, bx of buckling seatbelt is then extinguished.
aversive stimulus
In shaping, the steps that are used on the way to develop the target behavior are referred to as
Successive approximations
Which of the following behavioral principles is(are) involved in shaping?
Extinction and reinforcement
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping would NOT be an appropriate procedure to use when
The target behavior is already occurring
The person is nonverbal
Instructions would be successful
None of these answers
Jerry is a professional football player who injured his knee while running during a game. Jerry
has had surgery and his knee is fully healed, but he is afraid to put pressure on it because he
doesn’t want to reinjure it. The trainer implements a plan in which he first differentially
reinforces standing, then walking, then jogging, and finally running at full speed. This is an
example of using shaping to
Increase an existing behavior
Reinstate a previous behavior
Generate a novel behavior
Change a dimension of an existing behavior
A teacher uses shaping to increase the loudness of a withdrawn child’s voice. This would be an
example of using shaping to
Create a new behavior
Change a dimension of an existing behavior
Generate a new topography of behavior
Reinstate a previous behavior
Which schedule of reinforcement produces high, steady rates of responding with very little
interruption after delivery of the reinforcer?
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
Fixed ratio
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
659 Midterm Exam.pdf
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf
659 Midterm Exam – Verified Questions &
Answers 2025/2026
Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned response?
Which one IS conditioned? (learned)
Pupil constriction due to bright light in the eye
Salivation in response to the sound of a dinner bell
An eye blink in response to a puff of air in the eye
Salivation in response to food in the mouth
Which of the following is NOT an example of a conditioned response?
which is unconditioned (natural)
A positive emotional response when a man smells his girlfriend’s perfume
Startle response in response to a loud noise
Fear response (autonomic arousal) when walking down a dark street
Startle response in response to the sight of a gun
Stimulation that is painful to the body is an example of a(n) ____________ stimulus.
Unconditioned
environmental
conditioned
neutral
Another name for respondent conditioning is:
Classical conditioning
A response elicited by the conditioned stimulus is referred to as a(n) ____________ response.
Conditioned
the first person to demonstrate respondent (classical) conditioning:
Pavlov
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659 Midterm Exam.pdf
,659 Midterm Exam.pdf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf
In order for respondent conditioning to be most effective, the neutral stimulus should occur
____________ the unconditioned stimulus occurs.
Before
Andy answers a question in class and is praised by the teacher. As a result, Andy is more likely
to answer questions in class. Andy’s behavior of answering questions in class is referred to as
____________ behavior.
Behavior is increased by reinforcement
operant
Which of the following is NOT a question to ask when trying to decide whether a situation
represents positive or negative reinforcement?
Did the stimulus appear to be pleasant?
On weekends, Laura comes home on time so that she is not grounded by her parents. Coming
home on time in order to avoid being grounded is an example of
Avoidance behavior
Trying to prevent an unpleasant stimulus
Andrew wants to play baseball with his friends. Before Andrew can play, his parents tell him
that he has to clean his room, which he hates to do. Requiring Andrew to clean his room before
he can play baseball with his friends is an example of
The Premack principle
Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned reinforcer?
Which IS conditioned
Food
Money
Escape from extreme heat
Water
Bill spits on an umpire during a baseball game and is suspended for 10 games. As a result of
being suspended, Bill never spits on an umpire again. Being suspended for his behavior of
spitting is referred to as a
He needed a punisher. Difference between punisher and punishment is grammatical.
Punishment
Punisher
Conditioned response
Reinforcer
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
659 Midterm Exam.pdf
,659 Midterm Exam.pdf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf
The difference between punishment and reinforcement is that in punishment
The behavior decreases in the future
Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed
from class activities, Andrew never swears at his teacher again. This is an example of
Something he enjoys is taken away
Negative punishment
Sam skips school so that he can play video games at the arcade. Sam’s parents find him there
and make him mow the lawn when they get home. As a result of having to mow the lawn, Sam
doesn’t skip school to go to the arcade anymore. Having to do something he dislikes as a
punisher for the problem behavior is an example of
The Premack principle
Positive punishment would be correct too, because mowing the lawn is added
The principles of reinforcement and punishment are alike in that
Reinforcement and punishment are the result (consequence) of a bx. Bx followed by a
consequence
Behavior is followed by a consequence
Behavior is weakened
Behavior is strengthened
Behavior is classically conditioned
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is ____________ reinforced.
no longer
Timmy takes out the garbage and his mother praises him when he does it. When his mother
stops praising him, Timmy stops taking out the garbage. Timmy’s behavior of taking out the
garbage has been
Extinguished
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an extinction burst?
Novel behaviors may occur
Behavior becomes resistant to reinforcement
Emotional responses may occur
Unreinforced behavior may briefly increase
Randy stopped putting money into a candy machine because he stopped getting candy out.
After a couple of months Randy put money into the candy machine again, but when no candy
came out, he stopped putting money in. Randy’s behavior of putting money into the candy
machine after a couple of months is an example of
Spontaneous recovery
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
659 Midterm Exam.pdf
, 659 Midterm Exam.pdf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
659 Midterm Exam.pdf 659 Midterm Exam.pdf
In order to extinguish a negatively reinforced behavior, the ____________ is no longer removed
or avoided following the behavior.
Something unpleasant to increase a behavior. Unpleasant thing is then removed. (buckling up
to make beeping go away). To extinguish bx of buckling up, we would no longer remove that
beeping. We learn, bx of buckling seatbelt is then extinguished.
aversive stimulus
In shaping, the steps that are used on the way to develop the target behavior are referred to as
Successive approximations
Which of the following behavioral principles is(are) involved in shaping?
Extinction and reinforcement
Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Shaping would NOT be an appropriate procedure to use when
The target behavior is already occurring
The person is nonverbal
Instructions would be successful
None of these answers
Jerry is a professional football player who injured his knee while running during a game. Jerry
has had surgery and his knee is fully healed, but he is afraid to put pressure on it because he
doesn’t want to reinjure it. The trainer implements a plan in which he first differentially
reinforces standing, then walking, then jogging, and finally running at full speed. This is an
example of using shaping to
Increase an existing behavior
Reinstate a previous behavior
Generate a novel behavior
Change a dimension of an existing behavior
A teacher uses shaping to increase the loudness of a withdrawn child’s voice. This would be an
example of using shaping to
Create a new behavior
Change a dimension of an existing behavior
Generate a new topography of behavior
Reinstate a previous behavior
Which schedule of reinforcement produces high, steady rates of responding with very little
interruption after delivery of the reinforcer?
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
Fixed ratio
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659 Midterm Exam.pdf
