NRES 348 Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Wildlife - ✔✔The practical ecology of vertebrates and their plant and animal
associations; free-roaming vertebrate animals; terrestrial or partially terrestrial
vertebrates
Management - ✔✔The manipulation of populations or habitats to achieve specific goals;
1. pop size greater, 2. population size smaller, 3. harvest population for continuing
yield, 4. leave it alone/protect it, but monitor status
Manipulative Management - ✔✔Acts on a population, either changing its numbers by
direct means or influencing numbers by the indirect means of altering food supply,
habitat, density, or predators, or prevalence of disease. This is appropriate when a
population is to be harvested, or when it slides to an unacceptably low density or
increases to an unacceptably high level.
Custodial Management - ✔✔Preventative or protective. The aim is to minimize external
influences on the population and its habitat. It is appropriate in a national park where
one of the stated goals is to protect ecological processes.
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,Conservation - ✔✔the wise management and use of natural resources.
Preservation - ✔✔Leaving natural systems or resources as they are
Era of Abundance - ✔✔1600-1849; Most fish and wildlife species found in high
numbers, resource is viewed as limitless; commons
Era of Overexploitation - ✔✔1850-1899; Wildlife populations declined because habitats
were modified, repeating firearms, efficient transportation, markets for wildlife
Era of Protection - ✔✔1900-1925; Laws protecting wildlife were established, including
the Lacey Act and Weeks-Mclean Act
Lacey Act - ✔✔1925; regulated market hunting, controlled importation of exotics and
interstate transport of illegal game
Weeks-Mclean Act - ✔✔1912; provided for protection of waterfowl
Migratory Bird Treaty Act - ✔✔1917; Protection of migratory birds either complete or
through regulation
Gifford Pinchot - ✔✔1865-1946; Generally credited with coining the term
"conservation." A forester who started the first forestry school and lead what became
the U.S. Forest Service.
John Muir - ✔✔1838-1914; Proponent of the preservationist movement, Established the
Sierra Club in 1892, Advocate of wilderness and aesthetic values of the land
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, Era of Game Management - ✔✔1930-1965; First research and management programs
developed in North America; publication of the book Game Management in 1933 by
Aldo Leopold; the Wildlife Cooperative Research Program was established in 1932 at
universites and graduate education centers; The Wildlife Society was established in
1937
Aldo Leopold - ✔✔1886-1948; "Father" of wildlife management; the book Game
Management was the first formal integration of ecological principles with management
goals; Co-founder of the Wildlife Society
Era of Environmental Management - ✔✔1965-Present; Significant growth in
environmental regulation; Endangered Species Act (1966), National Environmental
Policy Act (1966), EPA established 1970, First Earth Day and Clean Air Act (1970)
Population - ✔✔A group of organisms of the same species that occupy a space
sufficiently close to find each other and reproduce; in practice a group of individuals in
the same place at the same time
Semelparity - ✔✔the occurrence of a single act of reproduction during an organisms
lifetime
Iteroparity - ✔✔repeated production of offspring at intervals throughout the organism's
lifetime.
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and Answers 100% Pass
Wildlife - ✔✔The practical ecology of vertebrates and their plant and animal
associations; free-roaming vertebrate animals; terrestrial or partially terrestrial
vertebrates
Management - ✔✔The manipulation of populations or habitats to achieve specific goals;
1. pop size greater, 2. population size smaller, 3. harvest population for continuing
yield, 4. leave it alone/protect it, but monitor status
Manipulative Management - ✔✔Acts on a population, either changing its numbers by
direct means or influencing numbers by the indirect means of altering food supply,
habitat, density, or predators, or prevalence of disease. This is appropriate when a
population is to be harvested, or when it slides to an unacceptably low density or
increases to an unacceptably high level.
Custodial Management - ✔✔Preventative or protective. The aim is to minimize external
influences on the population and its habitat. It is appropriate in a national park where
one of the stated goals is to protect ecological processes.
100% Pass Guarantee Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Conservation - ✔✔the wise management and use of natural resources.
Preservation - ✔✔Leaving natural systems or resources as they are
Era of Abundance - ✔✔1600-1849; Most fish and wildlife species found in high
numbers, resource is viewed as limitless; commons
Era of Overexploitation - ✔✔1850-1899; Wildlife populations declined because habitats
were modified, repeating firearms, efficient transportation, markets for wildlife
Era of Protection - ✔✔1900-1925; Laws protecting wildlife were established, including
the Lacey Act and Weeks-Mclean Act
Lacey Act - ✔✔1925; regulated market hunting, controlled importation of exotics and
interstate transport of illegal game
Weeks-Mclean Act - ✔✔1912; provided for protection of waterfowl
Migratory Bird Treaty Act - ✔✔1917; Protection of migratory birds either complete or
through regulation
Gifford Pinchot - ✔✔1865-1946; Generally credited with coining the term
"conservation." A forester who started the first forestry school and lead what became
the U.S. Forest Service.
John Muir - ✔✔1838-1914; Proponent of the preservationist movement, Established the
Sierra Club in 1892, Advocate of wilderness and aesthetic values of the land
100% Pass Guarantee Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, Era of Game Management - ✔✔1930-1965; First research and management programs
developed in North America; publication of the book Game Management in 1933 by
Aldo Leopold; the Wildlife Cooperative Research Program was established in 1932 at
universites and graduate education centers; The Wildlife Society was established in
1937
Aldo Leopold - ✔✔1886-1948; "Father" of wildlife management; the book Game
Management was the first formal integration of ecological principles with management
goals; Co-founder of the Wildlife Society
Era of Environmental Management - ✔✔1965-Present; Significant growth in
environmental regulation; Endangered Species Act (1966), National Environmental
Policy Act (1966), EPA established 1970, First Earth Day and Clean Air Act (1970)
Population - ✔✔A group of organisms of the same species that occupy a space
sufficiently close to find each other and reproduce; in practice a group of individuals in
the same place at the same time
Semelparity - ✔✔the occurrence of a single act of reproduction during an organisms
lifetime
Iteroparity - ✔✔repeated production of offspring at intervals throughout the organism's
lifetime.
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