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The range of specimen thicknesses that can be adequately recorded on the radiograph is called:
a. sensitivity of the radiograph.
b. latitude of the radiograph.
c. accuracy of the radiograph.
d. intensity of the source.
b. latitude of the radiograph.
The absorption of radiation by a material varies:
a. directly with the square of the distance from the source.
b. with the thickness of the material.
c. inversely with the amount of scattering in the material.
d. in an approximately exponential manner with the thickness of the material.
d. in an approximately exponential manner with the thickness of the material.
The photoelectric effect involves:
a. the visible electromagnetic spectrum.
b. an electric camera.
c. complete absorption of a photon.
d. photodisintegration.
c. complete absorption of a photon.
In order for a radiograph to have an IQI sensitivity of 2-2T or better:
a. the radiographic procedure has to be able to differentiate a 2% difference in specimen thickness.
b. the radiographic procedure must be able to define the 2T hole in an IQI that is 2% of the thickness
of the specimen.
c. the radiograph must be able to distinguish a discontinuity with a length equivalent to 2% of the
specimen thickness.
d. all the holes on the IQI must be seen on the radiograph.
b. the radiographic procedure must be able to define the 2T hole in an IQI that is 2% of the thickness of
the specimen.
For practical purposes, the shape of the characteristic curve of an X-ray film is:
a. independent of the type of film used.
b. independent of the quality of X-radiation or gamma radiation.
c. drastically changed when the quality of X-ray radiation is changed.
d. primarily determined by the subject contrast.
b. independent of the quality of X-radiation or gamma radiation.
The interval between the time a film is placed in a fixer solution and the time when the original
diffuse, yellow milkiness disappears is known as:
a. clearing time.
,b. fixing time.
c. hardening time.
d. oxidation time.
a. clearing time.
Approximately how long would it take for a 10 Ci (370 GBq) Co-60 source to decay to 2.5 Ci (93 GBq)?
a. 5.3 years
b. 7.9 years
c. 10.6 years
d. 15.9 years
c. 10.6 years
An exposure technique is established to obtain a 2.0 density using type D film and automatic
processing at 81 °F (27 °C). In order to obtain comparable results using manual processing at 68 °F (20
°C) and 5-min development time, it would be necessary for the original exposure time to be:
a. reduced by approximately 30%.
b. increased by approximately 99%.
c. increased by approximately 30%.
d. reduced by approximately 99%.
b. increased by approximately 99%.
The general method of producing X-rays involves the sudden deceleration of high-velocity electrons in
a solid body called a:
a. focus cup.
b. filament.
c. target.
d. cathode.
c. target.
f it were necessary to radiograph a 7 in. (177.8 mm) thick steel product, which of the following
gamma-ray sources would most likely be used?
a. Co-60
b. Tm-170
c. Ir-192
d. Cs-137
a. Co-60
A Co-60 gamma-ray source has an approximate practical thickness limit of:
a. 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) of steel or its equivalent.
b. 4 in. (101.6 mm) of steel or its equivalent.
c. 8 in. (203.2 mm) of steel or its equivalent.
d. 11 in. (279.4 mm) of steel or its equivalent.
c. 8 in. (203.2 mm) of steel or its equivalent.
, The absorption of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter depends on:
a. the atomic number, density, and thickness of the matter.
b. Young's modulus value of the matter.
c. Poisson's ratio value of the matter.
d. the specific activity value of the source.
a. the atomic number, density, and thickness of the matter.
The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, ionize and become electrically conductive makes
them useful in:
a. X-ray transformers.
b. X-ray tubes.
c. masks.
d. radiation detection equipment.
d. radiation detection equipment.
The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X-ray tube is a function of the:
a. atomic number of the cathode material.
b. atomic number of the filament material.
c. voltage difference between the cathode and anode.
d. current flow in the rectifier circuit.
c. voltage difference between the cathode and anode.
The uneven distribution of developed grains within the emulsion of a processed X-ray film causes the
subjective impression of:
a. graininess.
b. streaks.
c. spots.
d. white scum.
a. graininess.
Co-60 is reported to have a half-life of 5.3 years. By how much should exposure time be increased
(over that used initially to produce excellent radiographs when the Co-60 source was new) when the
source is 2 years old?
a. No change in exposure time is needed.
b. Exposure time should be about 11% longer.
c. Exposure time should be about 37% longer.
d. Exposure time should be about 62% to 100% longer.
c. Exposure time should be about 37% longer.
A source of Ir-192, whose half-life is 75 days, provides an optimum exposure of a given test object
today in a period of 20 min. Five months from now, what exposure time would be required for the
same radiographic density, under similar exposure conditions?
a. 10 min
b. 20 min