CHEM&219 UNIT 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
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Generic formula for alcohols - CORRECT ANSWERS R-OH
phenol - CORRECT ANSWERS hydroxy-substituted aromatic molecules (any compound with
an -OH attached to a benzene ring)
IUPAC system rules for naming organic alcohols - CORRECT ANSWERS - organic alcohols are
named by replacing the suffix of the parent chain of the molecule with the suffix -ol
- The parent chain is numbered so as to give the hydroxyl group the lowest possible number.
(examples: 1-propanol, and cyclohexanol)
- with unsaturated alcohols the -ol suffix comes last and takes priority when numbering the
parent chain (2-propene-1-ol)
- Molecules with more than one -OH group get a prefix describing the number of -OH groups
added to the IUPAC name. (ethane-1,2-diol)
Molecules with more than one -OH group - CORRECT ANSWERS polyols
IUPAC rules for phenols - CORRECT ANSWERS - the suffix for an alcohol substituted
benzene is "phenol"
- start the numbering at the OH group (so OH is at the 1 position)
(examples: phenol, 3-methylphenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol)
Why can alcohols form strong hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWERS Due to the presence
of the hydroxyl group, as the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative oxygen
atom. This polarization places a + charge on the hydrogen atom and a - charge on the oxygen
, CHEM&219 UNIT 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% GET IT CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
atom. The polarization in the O-H bond on one alcohol molecule becomes attracted to the
polarization in the O-H bond of another alcohol molecule.
Why do alcohols have much higher boiling points than other molecules of similar molecular
weight? - CORRECT ANSWERS hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules
These attractions raise the amount of energy required to vaporize the liquid-phase
molecules (boil), which translates into increased boiling point temperatures.
Alcohol molecules can freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing what groups? -
CORRECT ANSWERS O-H, N-H, or S-H functional groupings
How does the water solubility of alcohol molecules change as the molecular weight
changes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Alcohol molecules of lower molecular weight are mostly
soluble in water as a result of the ability to hydrogen bond to OH, NH, or SH groups. As the
molecular weight or carbon-chain length increases, the alcohol molecules become
correspondingly less soluble in water.
How do alcohols and phenols act as weak acids and weak bases? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
acts as an acid by donating the O-H proton as H
- acts as a base by accepting H+ using a lone pair on the O atom
amphoteric substances - CORRECT ANSWERS Substances that can act as both acids and
bases (alcohols and phenols)
Why is acid dissociation for most alcohols unfavorable (lies towards the left)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Dissociation produces an alkoxide ion (the conjugate base of an alcohol), which
is a very strong base.
How can you conduct acid-base reactions that favor the formation of weaker conjugate
acids/bases? - CORRECT ANSWERS To promote (favor) the formation of the alkoxide ion,
ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% GET IT CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
Generic formula for alcohols - CORRECT ANSWERS R-OH
phenol - CORRECT ANSWERS hydroxy-substituted aromatic molecules (any compound with
an -OH attached to a benzene ring)
IUPAC system rules for naming organic alcohols - CORRECT ANSWERS - organic alcohols are
named by replacing the suffix of the parent chain of the molecule with the suffix -ol
- The parent chain is numbered so as to give the hydroxyl group the lowest possible number.
(examples: 1-propanol, and cyclohexanol)
- with unsaturated alcohols the -ol suffix comes last and takes priority when numbering the
parent chain (2-propene-1-ol)
- Molecules with more than one -OH group get a prefix describing the number of -OH groups
added to the IUPAC name. (ethane-1,2-diol)
Molecules with more than one -OH group - CORRECT ANSWERS polyols
IUPAC rules for phenols - CORRECT ANSWERS - the suffix for an alcohol substituted
benzene is "phenol"
- start the numbering at the OH group (so OH is at the 1 position)
(examples: phenol, 3-methylphenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol)
Why can alcohols form strong hydrogen bonds? - CORRECT ANSWERS Due to the presence
of the hydroxyl group, as the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative oxygen
atom. This polarization places a + charge on the hydrogen atom and a - charge on the oxygen
, CHEM&219 UNIT 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS
100% GET IT CORRECT VERIFIED/DETAILED BEST
GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
atom. The polarization in the O-H bond on one alcohol molecule becomes attracted to the
polarization in the O-H bond of another alcohol molecule.
Why do alcohols have much higher boiling points than other molecules of similar molecular
weight? - CORRECT ANSWERS hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules
These attractions raise the amount of energy required to vaporize the liquid-phase
molecules (boil), which translates into increased boiling point temperatures.
Alcohol molecules can freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing what groups? -
CORRECT ANSWERS O-H, N-H, or S-H functional groupings
How does the water solubility of alcohol molecules change as the molecular weight
changes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Alcohol molecules of lower molecular weight are mostly
soluble in water as a result of the ability to hydrogen bond to OH, NH, or SH groups. As the
molecular weight or carbon-chain length increases, the alcohol molecules become
correspondingly less soluble in water.
How do alcohols and phenols act as weak acids and weak bases? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
acts as an acid by donating the O-H proton as H
- acts as a base by accepting H+ using a lone pair on the O atom
amphoteric substances - CORRECT ANSWERS Substances that can act as both acids and
bases (alcohols and phenols)
Why is acid dissociation for most alcohols unfavorable (lies towards the left)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Dissociation produces an alkoxide ion (the conjugate base of an alcohol), which
is a very strong base.
How can you conduct acid-base reactions that favor the formation of weaker conjugate
acids/bases? - CORRECT ANSWERS To promote (favor) the formation of the alkoxide ion,
