GENERAL BIOLOGY-EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Why are microscope needed to see most cells? - Answers - -electron microscope
produce a higher magnification and resolution than light microscope
Surface Area To Volume - Answers - -the amount of surface area a cell has influences
the ability of that cell to move materials in and out (nutrients, waste)
-small cells grow quicker b/c there's more surface area
-larger cells will have slower diffusion
Cell Plasma Membrane - Answers - acts on the boundary between the outside and
inside the cell
-are comprised of a phospholipid bilayer, & proteins
Characteristics common to all cells - Answers - -they all have DNA in the nucleus
-a plasma membrane
-a semifluid interior(cytoplasm) where chemical reactions
Prokaryotic Cells - Answers - cells do not contain a nucleus, rather the DNA is located in
the cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cells: Features - Answers - -contain a cell membrane
-lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
-can use flagella/cilia for movement
-structurally simple, metabolically diverse
-domain bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic Cells - Answers - contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Eukaryotic Cells: Features - Answers - -have a membrane-bound nucleus and
organelles
-may or may not have a cell wall
-structurally complex
-animals, plants, fungi, protists
The role of the nucleus in cellular activities - Answers - contains the genetic information
(DNA)
Ribosomes - Answers - -are the site of protein synthesis
-are located on the ER and free in the cytoplasm
Endomembrane System - Answers - transports proteins through the cell
Components of the Endomembrane System - Answers - -nuclear envelope
-the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum
, -the golgi apparatus
-vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answers - modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids
Golgi Apparatus - Answers - modifies and sorts proteins for delivery throughout the cell
Lysosomes - Answers - breakdown unwanted substances in the cell
The Endomembrane System DOES NOT make lipids b/c they are a lipid - Answers - ...
Vacuoles - Answers - store substances such as nutrients, ions or toxins
Peroxisomes - Answers - break down fatty acids and perform one of the first steps in
producing phospholipids for mylein(a protective nerve coating)
Energy Role that Chloroplasts play in a cell - Answers - -are the site of photosynthesis
-carbon dioxide gas, water, and energy from the sun are used to produce carbohydrates
by the photosynthesis
Energy Role that Mitochondria play in a cell - Answers - -are the site of energy
production in the cell
-present in both animal and plant cells
Cells move using the cytoskeleton & motor protein - Answers - ...
Mitochondria make ________ and chloroplasts make ______________ - Answers - -
ATP
-CARBS
Which organelle may be involved in disease that manifests with a set of symptoms & lab
results? - Answers - Cystic Fibrosis
Lungs
Not absorbing nutrients b/c of enzymes not working
Energy - Answers - is defined as the capacity to do work
Potential Energy - Answers - -stored energy (not moving)
-potential to kinetic energy, loss of heat
Potential Energy Examples - Answers - -Food
-organized room
Kinetic Energy - Answers - involves movement/doing work
Kinetic Energy Examples - Answers - -unorganized room
Why are microscope needed to see most cells? - Answers - -electron microscope
produce a higher magnification and resolution than light microscope
Surface Area To Volume - Answers - -the amount of surface area a cell has influences
the ability of that cell to move materials in and out (nutrients, waste)
-small cells grow quicker b/c there's more surface area
-larger cells will have slower diffusion
Cell Plasma Membrane - Answers - acts on the boundary between the outside and
inside the cell
-are comprised of a phospholipid bilayer, & proteins
Characteristics common to all cells - Answers - -they all have DNA in the nucleus
-a plasma membrane
-a semifluid interior(cytoplasm) where chemical reactions
Prokaryotic Cells - Answers - cells do not contain a nucleus, rather the DNA is located in
the cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cells: Features - Answers - -contain a cell membrane
-lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
-can use flagella/cilia for movement
-structurally simple, metabolically diverse
-domain bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic Cells - Answers - contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Eukaryotic Cells: Features - Answers - -have a membrane-bound nucleus and
organelles
-may or may not have a cell wall
-structurally complex
-animals, plants, fungi, protists
The role of the nucleus in cellular activities - Answers - contains the genetic information
(DNA)
Ribosomes - Answers - -are the site of protein synthesis
-are located on the ER and free in the cytoplasm
Endomembrane System - Answers - transports proteins through the cell
Components of the Endomembrane System - Answers - -nuclear envelope
-the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum
, -the golgi apparatus
-vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answers - modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids
Golgi Apparatus - Answers - modifies and sorts proteins for delivery throughout the cell
Lysosomes - Answers - breakdown unwanted substances in the cell
The Endomembrane System DOES NOT make lipids b/c they are a lipid - Answers - ...
Vacuoles - Answers - store substances such as nutrients, ions or toxins
Peroxisomes - Answers - break down fatty acids and perform one of the first steps in
producing phospholipids for mylein(a protective nerve coating)
Energy Role that Chloroplasts play in a cell - Answers - -are the site of photosynthesis
-carbon dioxide gas, water, and energy from the sun are used to produce carbohydrates
by the photosynthesis
Energy Role that Mitochondria play in a cell - Answers - -are the site of energy
production in the cell
-present in both animal and plant cells
Cells move using the cytoskeleton & motor protein - Answers - ...
Mitochondria make ________ and chloroplasts make ______________ - Answers - -
ATP
-CARBS
Which organelle may be involved in disease that manifests with a set of symptoms & lab
results? - Answers - Cystic Fibrosis
Lungs
Not absorbing nutrients b/c of enzymes not working
Energy - Answers - is defined as the capacity to do work
Potential Energy - Answers - -stored energy (not moving)
-potential to kinetic energy, loss of heat
Potential Energy Examples - Answers - -Food
-organized room
Kinetic Energy - Answers - involves movement/doing work
Kinetic Energy Examples - Answers - -unorganized room
