NURS 5315 EXAM 3 / EXAM 3 NURS 5315 /ACTUAL STUDY QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 GRADED A+.

NURS 5315 EXAM 3 / EXAM 3 NURS 5315 /ACTUAL STUDY QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 GRADED A+. 2 / 15 1. Pulmonar Disease CORRECT ANSWER *classified into 2 broad categories -restrictive vs obstructive - infectious vs non-infectious 2. Restrictive disorders CORRECT ANSWER *unable to breath air in * these ppl have low lung volumes on PFTs *lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time during ventilation. *Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, and pulmonar edema 3. Obstructive disorders CORRECT ANSWER *unable to exhale the air that has been inhaled * have high volumes on PFTs * Examples= asthma and COPD 4. Infectious Disorders CORRECT ANSWER * Pneumonia and TB 5. Non-infectious pulmonary disorder CORRECT ANSWER pulmonar fibosis, lung cancer, and pul- monary hypertension 6. Acute Respiratory Failure CORRECT ANSWER * 2 main types= hypoxemia and hypercapnia * may result from direct injury * maybe triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or organs * may occur post-operatively secondary to anesthesia or narcotics * in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment in diffusion which result in low oxygen levels or retained CO2 * most pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain orspinal cord injuries 7. Hypoxemia respiratory failure CORRECT ANSWER * PaO2 less than or equal to 50mmHg * from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries * disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumonia 8. Hypercapnic respiratory failure CORRECT ANSWER * PaCO2 greater than or equal to 50mmHg * from inadequate alveolar ventilation * cause= depression of respiratory function from meds, abnormal spinal cord, dis- orders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular junction, chest wall injury, COPD, and obstruction or large airways. 9. Pneumothorax CORRECT ANSWER * presence of air or gas in the pleural space * air may press against the lungs and cause the lung to collapse * 2 main types= spontaneous and secondary * clinical manifestations= sudden pleural pain, tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, and HYPPEROSANCE TO PERCUSSION 3 / 15 10. Spontaneous pneumothorax CORRECT ANSWER * occursinmales 20-40 years of age that are tall and thin * may occur in bleb ruptures in ppl with emphysema * smoking increases the risk * bleb ruptures may be at rest or exercise and in the apexes * may be a genetic component or family history 11. Secondary pneumothorax CORRECT ANSWER * caused by trauma * tension pneumothorax occurs when air becomes trapped and can't escape * site of injury acts as a one way valve only letting air in * pt may experiene a complete lung collapse * signs are a deviated trachea, shortness of breath, and hypotension 12. Pulmonary Edema CORRECT ANSWER * accumulation of water in the pulmonary alveolar sacs * prevents proper exchange of gas * leads to dyspnea, chest pain, and hypoxia * may have orthopnea or paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea * pulmonary edema is most commonly caused by left sided heart failure * LSHF the blood backs up into the lungs and increases the capillary hydrostatic pressure, this pushes fluid into the alveolar sacs * other causes are ARDS, inhalation of toxic gases, increased pulmonary venous pressure, and damaged alveolar capillaries * ARDS and toxic gases lead to capillary injury and leads to movement of fluid into the alveolar space 13. post-obstructive pulmonary edema or re-expansion pulmonary edema CORRECT ANSWER * occurs afer relieving airway obstruction *patho- inspiration against an occluded airway creates creates excessive intratho- racic negative pressure, this creates increased venousreturn to the rightside of the heart and a decreased outflow of blood from the left side of the heart, this creates increased pulmonary blood volume and pressure, thus causing pulmonary edema *CM= dyspnea, pulmonary rales, DULLNESS TO PERCUSSION, s3 heart sound, and frothy sputum 14. Acute lung injury/ ARDS CORRECT ANSWER * respiratory failure from massive lung inflammation and disseinated alveolar capillary damage * impairs gas exchange and causes problems with oxygenation * pneumonia, sepsis, massive trauma, burns, aspirations, DIC, and pancreatiti