Biochemistry Study Guide with 100% Correct
Solutions
acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
ADP
(Adenosine Diphosphate) The compound that remains when a phosphate group is
removed from ATP, releasing energy
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
adenine (A)
Purine. One of four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of
RNA and DNA. Bonds with thymine.
amino acid
Monomer of Proteins
buffer
A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to
the solution.
carbohydrate
Class of nutrients that includes sugars and starches
, cellulose
Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
cytosine (C)
Pyrimidine. One of four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the
structure of RNA and DNA. Bonds with guanine.
dehydration reaction
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the
removal of a water molecule.
denaturation
A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function;
can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temperature. Also
refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix, caused by similar
factors.
disaccharide
A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through
dehydration synthesis.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of
replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
double helix
Solutions
acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
ADP
(Adenosine Diphosphate) The compound that remains when a phosphate group is
removed from ATP, releasing energy
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
adenine (A)
Purine. One of four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the structure of
RNA and DNA. Bonds with thymine.
amino acid
Monomer of Proteins
buffer
A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to
the solution.
carbohydrate
Class of nutrients that includes sugars and starches
, cellulose
Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
cytosine (C)
Pyrimidine. One of four nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides composing the
structure of RNA and DNA. Bonds with guanine.
dehydration reaction
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the
removal of a water molecule.
denaturation
A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function;
can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temperature. Also
refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix, caused by similar
factors.
disaccharide
A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through
dehydration synthesis.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of
replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
double helix
