Louisiana Horticulture Exam study guide
2025 Questions and answers.
4 major plant parts include - (correct answer) - roots
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn
stems
leaves
reproductive parts bn
4 functions of the root system include - (correct answer) - absorption
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - (correct answer) - fibrous root systems
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn
and
taproot systems bn
Fibrous root system - (correct answer) - root system that consists of numerous multi-
bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn
branched roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
root system that consists of one main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots ar
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
bn bn bn bn bn
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
3 primary functions of the stems are - (correct answer) - Support
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn
,conduction
storage
Conduction - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured in the plant.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
xylem - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves through inner tissues called
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
phloem - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through outer stem tissues called
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - (correct answer) - xylem and phloem
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn
Cambium layer - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn
The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the ____________. Plant function growth depen
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ds on uninterrupted conduction.
bn bn bn
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The xylem and phloem tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system th
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
rough the stem. bn bn
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
bn bn bn
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots) bn bn bn bn bn
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the xylem is formed on the inside next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambi
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
um with the phloem on the outside.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
bn bn bn bn
Girdle - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts the food supply pipeline.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Nodes and internodes - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called ____________ and the space between are called
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
__________.
axillary bud and axil - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an _________________ which is compressed, d
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the leaf.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Asexual reproductive structures - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Some plants have modified stem and roots structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
and function as
bn bn
,Corms, such as gladiolus - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
solid stem structures with remains of dried scale leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of ch
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
anges are controlled by temperature.
bn bn bn bn
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the main axis or stem of the plant is in a horizontal position underground
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Stolons - (correct answer) - Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - (correct answer) - roots that do not have nodes and buds
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
crown - (correct answer) - the area where the stem and root tissue meets
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Biennial Root - (correct answer) - Roots that are living through two growing seasons
bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Annual Top Root - (correct answer) - Root living through one growing season
bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn
October until December - (correct answer) - Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Dicot Leaf - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn
Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent veins with branches forming a consp
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
icuous net bn
Mono Leaf - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn
Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous branching between the veins as in corn
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn
Leaves have two main functions to carry out: ______________ and _______________.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Photosynthesis - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by t
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
he living cell using energy from visible light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Transpiration - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is reg
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
water deficit making the plant wilt - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
What occurs when transpiration is more rapid than absorption?
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Water movement from the roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Angiosperms - (correct answer) - Plants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
, gymnosperms - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds uncovered in cones or similar structure
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
s such as conifers
bn bn bn
receptacle - (correct answer) - flowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
sepals - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
outer set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other parts of the flower until these a
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
re nearly mature.
bn bn
Calyx - (correct answer) - collectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Corolla - (correct answer) - An entire set of petals is called the ________.
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Stamens - (correct answer) - are the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
bn bn bn bn
Pistils - (correct answer) - female part of the plants that consist of an ovule-
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
bearing base, the ovary, supporting an elongated region called the style
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
stigma - (correct answer) - expanded tip of the style is called the
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
self fertilebn
(plums, beans, peas, marigolds) - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
are able to use their own pollen or pollen from another plan of the same type
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Hollies and aucuba - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
two species that must have a male and female plan in order to pollinate
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
cone - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
considered a specialized stem with leaves adapted for reproductive purposes. However, it does not h
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ave the typical flower parts.
bn bn bn bn
Fruit ( botantical term) - (correct answer) - the mature ovary and other flower parts associated with it
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
seed - (correct answer) - is a miniature plant in an arrested state of development
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Sulfur (secondary element) - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Found in plant structures in the form of amino acids; often functions as enzymes.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Deficiencies: Areas between veins light green in young leaves; poor spindly growth.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Magnesium (secondary element) - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn
Found in chlorophyll, cell walls and structures inside the cell; cofactor in cell chemical activity
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
2025 Questions and answers.
4 major plant parts include - (correct answer) - roots
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn
stems
leaves
reproductive parts bn
4 functions of the root system include - (correct answer) - absorption
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - (correct answer) - fibrous root systems
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn
and
taproot systems bn
Fibrous root system - (correct answer) - root system that consists of numerous multi-
bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn
branched roots that are slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
root system that consists of one main root that grows directly downward from which branch roots ar
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
bn bn bn bn bn
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Spread the roots out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
3 primary functions of the stems are - (correct answer) - Support
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn
,conduction
storage
Conduction - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured in the plant.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
xylem - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves through inner tissues called
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
phloem - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through outer stem tissues called
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - (correct answer) - xylem and phloem
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn
Cambium layer - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn
The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the ____________. Plant function growth depen
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ds on uninterrupted conduction.
bn bn bn
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The xylem and phloem tissues are formed in bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system th
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
rough the stem. bn bn
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
bn bn bn
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots) bn bn bn bn bn
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the xylem is formed on the inside next to the heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambi
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
um with the phloem on the outside.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
bn bn bn bn
Girdle - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts the food supply pipeline.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Nodes and internodes - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called ____________ and the space between are called
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
__________.
axillary bud and axil - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an _________________ which is compressed, d
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the leaf.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Asexual reproductive structures - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Some plants have modified stem and roots structures that store exceptionally large amounts of food
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
and function as
bn bn
,Corms, such as gladiolus - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
solid stem structures with remains of dried scale leaves surrounding and protecting them. Cycle of ch
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
anges are controlled by temperature.
bn bn bn bn
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the main axis or stem of the plant is in a horizontal position underground
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Stolons - (correct answer) - Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - (correct answer) - roots that do not have nodes and buds
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
crown - (correct answer) - the area where the stem and root tissue meets
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Biennial Root - (correct answer) - Roots that are living through two growing seasons
bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Annual Top Root - (correct answer) - Root living through one growing season
bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn
October until December - (correct answer) - Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Dicot Leaf - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn
Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent veins with branches forming a consp
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
icuous net bn
Mono Leaf - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn
Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous branching between the veins as in corn
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Photosynthesis and transpiration - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn
Leaves have two main functions to carry out: ______________ and _______________.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Photosynthesis - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are eventually transformed into sugars (glucose) by t
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
he living cell using energy from visible light absorbed by chlorophyll (green pigments)
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Transpiration - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the atmosphere and temperature of the leaf is reg
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
water deficit making the plant wilt - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
What occurs when transpiration is more rapid than absorption?
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Water movement from the roots through the stems to the leaves depends on
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Angiosperms - (correct answer) - Plants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
, gymnosperms - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn
plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds uncovered in cones or similar structure
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
s such as conifers
bn bn bn
receptacle - (correct answer) - flowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
sepals - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
outer set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other parts of the flower until these a
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
re nearly mature.
bn bn
Calyx - (correct answer) - collectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Corolla - (correct answer) - An entire set of petals is called the ________.
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Stamens - (correct answer) - are the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
bearing anthers supported by filaments.
bn bn bn bn
Pistils - (correct answer) - female part of the plants that consist of an ovule-
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
bearing base, the ovary, supporting an elongated region called the style
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
stigma - (correct answer) - expanded tip of the style is called the
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
self fertilebn
(plums, beans, peas, marigolds) - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
are able to use their own pollen or pollen from another plan of the same type
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Hollies and aucuba - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
two species that must have a male and female plan in order to pollinate
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
cone - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn
considered a specialized stem with leaves adapted for reproductive purposes. However, it does not h
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ave the typical flower parts.
bn bn bn bn
Fruit ( botantical term) - (correct answer) - the mature ovary and other flower parts associated with it
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
seed - (correct answer) - is a miniature plant in an arrested state of development
bn bn bn bn bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Sulfur (secondary element) - (correct answer) -
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Found in plant structures in the form of amino acids; often functions as enzymes.
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Deficiencies: Areas between veins light green in young leaves; poor spindly growth.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Magnesium (secondary element) - (correct answer) - bn bn bn bn bn bn
Found in chlorophyll, cell walls and structures inside the cell; cofactor in cell chemical activity
bnbn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
