SYG 2000 Exam 3 |65 questions &
Answers
Free Rider Problem - -the notion that when more than one person
is responsible for getting something done, the incentive is for each individual
to shirk responsibility and
hope others will pull the extra weight
-caused by lack of selfish incentives of capitalism
-justification for oppressive rule emanating from some central agency
- Income - -money received by a person for work, from transfers (gifts,
inheritances, or government assistance), or from returns on investments
-measure of economic status
-increasing inequality of rich and poor
- Malthus's views of inequality - -Positive view like Scottish Enlightenment
but different reason
-inequality good/necessary to avoid massive overpopulation and starvation
- "An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future
Improvement of Society"
-human kind grows geometrically (exponentially) while food increases
arithmetically(linearly)
- Meritocracy - -a system in which the advancement is based on individual
acheivement or ability
-equal opportunity
- Rousseau's views of inequality - -human kind is naturally prue and good
-social problems developed from building society and repressing natural
character (private property)
-social equality
-social inequality (always exists)
- social equality - -no differences in wealth, power, prestige, or status based
on nonnatural bases
- physical inequality - -natural
-consists of differences in age, health, bodily strength and all the qualities of
the mind and or the soul
- social inequality - -political
-convential inequality established or authorized by the constent of men
, - Social mobility - -ability or inability to change one's position in the
hierarchy
- Horizontal social mobility - -movement within one's social class
- Vertical social mobility - -rise (upward/ascending) or
fall(downward/descending) of an individual or group from one social stratum
to another
- Wealth - -family's or individual's net worth = total assets - total debts
- Asset - -homes, cars, other real estate, and business assets, along with
financial forms of wealth such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds
-American assets
- Debt - -mortgages on homes, credit card debt, etc.
-American debt
- Absolute poverty - -measure of what people need in order to survive
-constant over time, but takes inflation into consideration
-based differently in different countries
- US poverty lines based on income level
- Advantages of wealth - -• It can be invested to generate income and
ultimately even greater wealth
• It can be used to purchase material and service comforts
• High level of financial security
-early retirement
• Purchase freedom and autonomy
- Ex; Freedom to leave unsatisfactory employment without worrying about
how the bills will be paid
• Benefit of the doubt from the criminal justice system
- hire expensive lawyers
- White-collar criminals of any class tend to be lightly sanctioned
- Ex; Drawing probation instead of parole for embezzlement and fraud
• Wealth can be passed on to offspring
• Infuence government to enchance wealth
- Social Class - -One's economic position in the stratification system,
especially one's occupation
- Class - -One's position in the stratification system
- Conflict of stratification - -higher levels may be more difficult, but not
more important
-don't require as big rewards, especially monetary rewards
Answers
Free Rider Problem - -the notion that when more than one person
is responsible for getting something done, the incentive is for each individual
to shirk responsibility and
hope others will pull the extra weight
-caused by lack of selfish incentives of capitalism
-justification for oppressive rule emanating from some central agency
- Income - -money received by a person for work, from transfers (gifts,
inheritances, or government assistance), or from returns on investments
-measure of economic status
-increasing inequality of rich and poor
- Malthus's views of inequality - -Positive view like Scottish Enlightenment
but different reason
-inequality good/necessary to avoid massive overpopulation and starvation
- "An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future
Improvement of Society"
-human kind grows geometrically (exponentially) while food increases
arithmetically(linearly)
- Meritocracy - -a system in which the advancement is based on individual
acheivement or ability
-equal opportunity
- Rousseau's views of inequality - -human kind is naturally prue and good
-social problems developed from building society and repressing natural
character (private property)
-social equality
-social inequality (always exists)
- social equality - -no differences in wealth, power, prestige, or status based
on nonnatural bases
- physical inequality - -natural
-consists of differences in age, health, bodily strength and all the qualities of
the mind and or the soul
- social inequality - -political
-convential inequality established or authorized by the constent of men
, - Social mobility - -ability or inability to change one's position in the
hierarchy
- Horizontal social mobility - -movement within one's social class
- Vertical social mobility - -rise (upward/ascending) or
fall(downward/descending) of an individual or group from one social stratum
to another
- Wealth - -family's or individual's net worth = total assets - total debts
- Asset - -homes, cars, other real estate, and business assets, along with
financial forms of wealth such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds
-American assets
- Debt - -mortgages on homes, credit card debt, etc.
-American debt
- Absolute poverty - -measure of what people need in order to survive
-constant over time, but takes inflation into consideration
-based differently in different countries
- US poverty lines based on income level
- Advantages of wealth - -• It can be invested to generate income and
ultimately even greater wealth
• It can be used to purchase material and service comforts
• High level of financial security
-early retirement
• Purchase freedom and autonomy
- Ex; Freedom to leave unsatisfactory employment without worrying about
how the bills will be paid
• Benefit of the doubt from the criminal justice system
- hire expensive lawyers
- White-collar criminals of any class tend to be lightly sanctioned
- Ex; Drawing probation instead of parole for embezzlement and fraud
• Wealth can be passed on to offspring
• Infuence government to enchance wealth
- Social Class - -One's economic position in the stratification system,
especially one's occupation
- Class - -One's position in the stratification system
- Conflict of stratification - -higher levels may be more difficult, but not
more important
-don't require as big rewards, especially monetary rewards
