Final exam SYG2000 |226 Questions and
Answers
the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life
to seemingly impersonal
and remote historical forces - -Sociological Imagination
- Sociological Imagination person - -C. Wright Mills
- German for "understanding" - -Verstehen
- Verstehen person - -Max Weber
- forms the object of inquiry for interpretive
sociology—to study how social actors understand their actions and the social
world through experience - -Verstehen
- A concept which describes the two behavioral scripts which are constantly
maintained by African Americans - -Double Consciousness
- Double Consciousness person - -W.E.B. Du Bois
- Two behavioral scripts constantly maintained by African Americans are: - -
moving thru the world
incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers
- Conflict Theory person - -Karl Marx
- The idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic animating
force of social change and society in general throughout history - -Conflict
Theory
- Who said history is an account of man's struggle to gain control? - -Karl
Marx
- shares ideas with Marxist theory - Marxist emphasis on conflict and
political reform - -Feminist theory
- an emphasis on women's experiences and a belief that sociology and
society in general subordinate women - -Feminist theory
- emphasize equality between men and women and want to see women's
lives and experiences represented in sociological studies - -Feminist theory
, - Concerned with how power relationships are defined, shaped, and
reproduced on the basis of gender differences - -Feminist theory
- a micro-level theory in which, shared meanings, orientations, and
assumptions from the basic motivations behind people's actions. - -Symbolic
Interaction Theory
- This paradigm operates on the basic premise of a cycle of meaning--
namely the idea that people act in response to the meaning that signs and
social signals hold for them - -Symbolic Interaction Theory
- A condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and
history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche, and multiple, perhaps
even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations. - -Post-
modernism Theory
- Shared meanings have eroded, no longer one version of history that is
correct as everything is interpretable. - -Post-modernism Theory
- A theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to
function; generates falsifiable hypotheses - predictions that can be tested by
analyzing the real world - -Midrange Theory
- seek to obtain information about the social world that is in, or can be
converted to numeric form - -Quantitative Approach
- attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily
converted to numeric form - -Qualitative Approach
- What do qualitative and quantitative approaches do? - -provide ways to
establish causal relationships between social elements
- starts with theory, forms a hypothesis, makes empirical observations, and
then analyzes the data to confirm, rejcet, or modify the original theory - -
Deductive method
- General -> specific - -deductive reasoning
- starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory
determining if correlation exists - -Inductive Method
- Specific -> general - -inductive reasoning
- when two variables tend to track each other positively or negatively - -
Correlation
, - the notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in
another - -Causality
- 3 factors needed to establish causality - -correlation, time order, and
ruling out alternative explanations
- The outcome that a researcher is trying to explain - -dependent variable
- A measured factor that the researcher believes has a causal impact on the
dependent variable (the variable that is changed or controlled) - -
independent variable
- A proposed relationship between two variables, usually with a stated
direction - -hypothesis
- The sum of the social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to
beliefs, behaviors (except instinctual ones), and practices; everything but the
natural environment around us - -Culture
- Oldest understandings of _________ focuses on the distinction between
natural - -culture
- the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others and the
tendency to
view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own - -ethnocentrism
- Everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment, such as
technology, books, fashion, and monuments - -Material culture
- Encompasses values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms - -Nonmaterial
culture
- The time gap between the appearance of a new technology and the words
and practices that give it meaning - -Cultural Lag
- When it takes time for culture to catch up with technological innovations -
-Cultural Lag
- To flip fluidly between two or more languages and sets of cultural norms to
fit different cultural contexts - -Code Switching
- What is this an example of...
Many minority groups like African Americans learn to switch their daily lives
by going back and forth between English and African American English - -
Code Switching
Answers
the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life
to seemingly impersonal
and remote historical forces - -Sociological Imagination
- Sociological Imagination person - -C. Wright Mills
- German for "understanding" - -Verstehen
- Verstehen person - -Max Weber
- forms the object of inquiry for interpretive
sociology—to study how social actors understand their actions and the social
world through experience - -Verstehen
- A concept which describes the two behavioral scripts which are constantly
maintained by African Americans - -Double Consciousness
- Double Consciousness person - -W.E.B. Du Bois
- Two behavioral scripts constantly maintained by African Americans are: - -
moving thru the world
incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers
- Conflict Theory person - -Karl Marx
- The idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic animating
force of social change and society in general throughout history - -Conflict
Theory
- Who said history is an account of man's struggle to gain control? - -Karl
Marx
- shares ideas with Marxist theory - Marxist emphasis on conflict and
political reform - -Feminist theory
- an emphasis on women's experiences and a belief that sociology and
society in general subordinate women - -Feminist theory
- emphasize equality between men and women and want to see women's
lives and experiences represented in sociological studies - -Feminist theory
, - Concerned with how power relationships are defined, shaped, and
reproduced on the basis of gender differences - -Feminist theory
- a micro-level theory in which, shared meanings, orientations, and
assumptions from the basic motivations behind people's actions. - -Symbolic
Interaction Theory
- This paradigm operates on the basic premise of a cycle of meaning--
namely the idea that people act in response to the meaning that signs and
social signals hold for them - -Symbolic Interaction Theory
- A condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and
history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche, and multiple, perhaps
even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations. - -Post-
modernism Theory
- Shared meanings have eroded, no longer one version of history that is
correct as everything is interpretable. - -Post-modernism Theory
- A theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to
function; generates falsifiable hypotheses - predictions that can be tested by
analyzing the real world - -Midrange Theory
- seek to obtain information about the social world that is in, or can be
converted to numeric form - -Quantitative Approach
- attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily
converted to numeric form - -Qualitative Approach
- What do qualitative and quantitative approaches do? - -provide ways to
establish causal relationships between social elements
- starts with theory, forms a hypothesis, makes empirical observations, and
then analyzes the data to confirm, rejcet, or modify the original theory - -
Deductive method
- General -> specific - -deductive reasoning
- starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory
determining if correlation exists - -Inductive Method
- Specific -> general - -inductive reasoning
- when two variables tend to track each other positively or negatively - -
Correlation
, - the notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in
another - -Causality
- 3 factors needed to establish causality - -correlation, time order, and
ruling out alternative explanations
- The outcome that a researcher is trying to explain - -dependent variable
- A measured factor that the researcher believes has a causal impact on the
dependent variable (the variable that is changed or controlled) - -
independent variable
- A proposed relationship between two variables, usually with a stated
direction - -hypothesis
- The sum of the social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to
beliefs, behaviors (except instinctual ones), and practices; everything but the
natural environment around us - -Culture
- Oldest understandings of _________ focuses on the distinction between
natural - -culture
- the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others and the
tendency to
view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own - -ethnocentrism
- Everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment, such as
technology, books, fashion, and monuments - -Material culture
- Encompasses values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms - -Nonmaterial
culture
- The time gap between the appearance of a new technology and the words
and practices that give it meaning - -Cultural Lag
- When it takes time for culture to catch up with technological innovations -
-Cultural Lag
- To flip fluidly between two or more languages and sets of cultural norms to
fit different cultural contexts - -Code Switching
- What is this an example of...
Many minority groups like African Americans learn to switch their daily lives
by going back and forth between English and African American English - -
Code Switching
