,McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9th Edition) TEST
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BANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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Chapter 10: Infection
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
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Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
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Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
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Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
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,Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES U
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nit I: THE CELL
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CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY qr qr qr
MULTIPLE CHOICE qr
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. qr qr qr
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. qr qr qr qr
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. qr qr qr qr qr qr
d. Cells can synthesize fats. qr qr qr
ANS: C qr
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surro
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undings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
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ption.
PTS: q r q r 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering qr qr
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C qr
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of t
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he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are respons
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ible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
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as the intracellular digestive system.
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PTS: q r q r 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering qr qr
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
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qr hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B qr
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hy
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drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a p
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owerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
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Ribosomes are RNA- qr qr
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the c
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ytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
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saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enz
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ymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydra
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, tes. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
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a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex qr
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum qr qr
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D qr
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. D
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isruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lyso
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somal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
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Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
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cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
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removing toxic substances from the cell.
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5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction qr qr qr qr qr qr
b. Secretion of cortisol qr qr
c. Increased retention of water qr qr qr
d. Breakdown of fat qr qr
ANS: C qr
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes incr
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eases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakd
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own of fat is due to glucagon.
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B qr
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the perio
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d between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synt
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hesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which R
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NA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the n
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ext phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
BANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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Chapter 10: Infection
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
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Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
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Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
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Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
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,Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES U
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
nit I: THE CELL
qr qr qr
CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY qr qr qr
MULTIPLE CHOICE qr
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
a. Cells can produce proteins. qr qr qr
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. qr qr qr qr
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. qr qr qr qr qr qr
d. Cells can synthesize fats. qr qr qr
ANS: C qr
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surro
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
undings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
ption.
PTS: q r q r 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering qr qr
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C qr
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of t
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
qr qr qr qr qr
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are respons
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
ible for cellular respiration and energy production.
qr qr qr qr qr qr
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
as the intracellular digestive system.
qr qr qr qr
PTS: q r q r 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering qr qr
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
qr hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B qr
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hy
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a p
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
owerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
Ribosomes are RNA- qr qr
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the c
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
ytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enz
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
ymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydra
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
, tes. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex qr
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum qr qr
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D qr
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. D
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
isruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lyso
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
somal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
removing toxic substances from the cell.
qr qr qr qr qr qr
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction qr qr qr qr qr qr
b. Secretion of cortisol qr qr
c. Increased retention of water qr qr qr
d. Breakdown of fat qr qr
ANS: C qr
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes incr
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
eases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakd
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
own of fat is due to glucagon.
qr qr qr qr qr qr
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B qr
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the perio
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
d between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synt
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
hesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which R
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
NA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the n
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
ext phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr qr
