Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology chapter 4
Q&A
Tissues - =Collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them
Extracellular matrix - =Composition of the noncellular substances surrounding the cells
Histology - =The microscopic study of tissues
Biopsy - =The process of removing tissue samples from patins surgically or with a needle for diagnostic
purposes
Autopsy - =An examination of the organs of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the
changes caused by a disease
Endoderm - =The inner layer of embryonic tissue
Mesoderm - =The middle layer of embryonic tissue
Ectoderm - =The outer layer of embryonic tissue
Neuroectoderm - =A portion of the ectoderm that becomes the nervous system in an embryo
Neural crest cells - =Groups of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during development; they
give rise to parts of the peripheral nerves, skin pigment, the medulla of the adrenal gland and many
tissues of the face
Epithelial tissue - =Covers and protects surfaces. Is mostly composed of cells, covers body surfaces,
distinct cell surfaces, has cell and matrix connections, is nonvascular, and is capable of regeneration
, Functions of epithelial tissue - =Protecting underlying structures, acting as a barrier, permitting the
passage of substances, secreting substances, and absorbing substances
Simple epithelium - =Consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement
membrane to the free surface
Stratified epithelium - =Consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the
deepest layer to the basement membrane
Pseudostratified epithelium - =Special type of simple epithelium; it appears to be stratified but it is not
Squamous cells - =Are flat or scalelike
Cuboidal cells - =Are cube-shaped -- about as wide as they are tall
Columnar cells - =Are taller than they are wide
Desmosomes - =Disk-shaped structures with especially adhesive glycoproteins that bind cells to one
another and intermediate filaments that extend into the cytoplasm of the cells
Hemidesmosomes - =Similar to one-half of a desmosomes, attach epithelial cells to the basement
membrane
Tight junctions - =Hold cells together and form a permeability barrier
Adhesion belt - =Found just below the tight junction, acts as a weak glue that holds cells together
Gap junction - =A small, specialized region between cells containing protein channels that aid
intercellular communication by allowing ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to another
Q&A
Tissues - =Collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them
Extracellular matrix - =Composition of the noncellular substances surrounding the cells
Histology - =The microscopic study of tissues
Biopsy - =The process of removing tissue samples from patins surgically or with a needle for diagnostic
purposes
Autopsy - =An examination of the organs of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the
changes caused by a disease
Endoderm - =The inner layer of embryonic tissue
Mesoderm - =The middle layer of embryonic tissue
Ectoderm - =The outer layer of embryonic tissue
Neuroectoderm - =A portion of the ectoderm that becomes the nervous system in an embryo
Neural crest cells - =Groups of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during development; they
give rise to parts of the peripheral nerves, skin pigment, the medulla of the adrenal gland and many
tissues of the face
Epithelial tissue - =Covers and protects surfaces. Is mostly composed of cells, covers body surfaces,
distinct cell surfaces, has cell and matrix connections, is nonvascular, and is capable of regeneration
, Functions of epithelial tissue - =Protecting underlying structures, acting as a barrier, permitting the
passage of substances, secreting substances, and absorbing substances
Simple epithelium - =Consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement
membrane to the free surface
Stratified epithelium - =Consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the
deepest layer to the basement membrane
Pseudostratified epithelium - =Special type of simple epithelium; it appears to be stratified but it is not
Squamous cells - =Are flat or scalelike
Cuboidal cells - =Are cube-shaped -- about as wide as they are tall
Columnar cells - =Are taller than they are wide
Desmosomes - =Disk-shaped structures with especially adhesive glycoproteins that bind cells to one
another and intermediate filaments that extend into the cytoplasm of the cells
Hemidesmosomes - =Similar to one-half of a desmosomes, attach epithelial cells to the basement
membrane
Tight junctions - =Hold cells together and form a permeability barrier
Adhesion belt - =Found just below the tight junction, acts as a weak glue that holds cells together
Gap junction - =A small, specialized region between cells containing protein channels that aid
intercellular communication by allowing ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to another
