STUDY GUIDE
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Davis Advantage for Understanding
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Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
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By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
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1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
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Answers
CHAPTER 1 b h
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, and
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determine the best possible plan of action.
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CRITICAL THINKING,
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Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical thinking.
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CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE bh bh hb
Cue
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NURSING PROCESS
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Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data arebh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
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AUDIO CASE STUDY b h b h
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
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toimprove patient outcomes.
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1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses;
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generatesolutions; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
many directions. She was also crying in her car and
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Evaluation
hadpoor study habits and not enough sleep.
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3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time
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Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected bh bh bh bh bh
fromwork, and wasted time between classes that she
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withactual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were
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could better utilize. Your resources will be different, but
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expected outcomes met?
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theyexist!
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Vigilance
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking to
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Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
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determine why her current plan isn’t working. She thinks
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honestly about her poor study habits, her time-
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CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT bh b h bh hb
management problems, and the impact this is having
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onher and her family.
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Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a
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Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking to develop
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similar format. Both follow steps from collecting data to
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and carry out a plan that uses her resources and provides
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determin- ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking
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more productive study time and more quality time with her
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actions, and evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking
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kids.
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helps you think about the problem: What is it? Why is it
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happen- ing? And clinical judgment leads you to do something
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VOCABULARY to manage the problem.
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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CUE RECOGNITION bh
Nursing b h process You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST thing is
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Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with
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nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection,
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nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation.
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1. Sit the patient upright.
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2. Call 911 while running across the street.
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Critical thinking bh
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under
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Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or
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strategies that increase the probability of a desirable
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pillow.
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outcome. Also involves reflection, problem-solving,
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4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
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andrelated thinking skills.
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5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
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Clinical judgment bh
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and
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decision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
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,2 Chapter 1 bh Answers
CRITICAL THINKING b h
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
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Could it be low bh bh bh Am I bh Frontal area bh "Sick" Hard Tylenol helps bh Hunger makes bh
diabetic?
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it worse bh
blood sugar? bh
Patient's Where is bh Quality Aggravating
perception it?
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alleviating
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Food
Headache helps
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Useful Severity Timing
other
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data
Sometimes Mother 7–8 on 0– bh bh Lasts 1–2 Before Early in bh
feel is meals the
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10 hours
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sick to bh diabetic scale once starts bh
morning
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REVIEW QUESTIONS b h taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
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nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing
The correct answers are in boldface.
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process, for which the registered nurse is responsible; the
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1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these.
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patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answer.
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh Nitroglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst
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2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not
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knowing the patient’s blood pressure.
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knowing something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1)
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
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showsexpertise but not necessarily intellectual humility;
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(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; bh bh bh bh bh
such as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved.
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(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
(4) isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
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humility.
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8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
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3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
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9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
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4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define
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10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2,
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criticalthinking but are examples of good thinking.
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4)are all positive but do not show intent to take action.
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5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are
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11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2)
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achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of
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aredata; (3) is a recommendation.
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thephysician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple-
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
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mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
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6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
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(5) thedietitian is not necessary.
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tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
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1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 b h
EVIDENCE-BASED b h PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE bh 1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY b h b h
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
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5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
6. outcomes
thatlinger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces
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inan area after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that
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exposure to these toxins can be neurotoxic to children
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9. patient’s
and can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people.
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10. information
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold standardof bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
health care.
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3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and
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collect the most relevant and best evidence
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1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to
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available.Step 3: Think critically. Appraise the evidence
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bhensure that the patient receives the best care possible
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for validity, relevance to the situation, and applicability.
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2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance ofthe
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Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingthe
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bhmedical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion
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change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the
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bhregarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
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practice decision or change.
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3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
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4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
bh(CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence-based
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lozenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or
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bhresources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed bh bh bh bh
varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked
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4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
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well,too. A Cochrane Review found that advice and support
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based change in practice so comparisons canbe made after
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from nursing staff can increase patients’ success in quit- ting
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bhimplementation to determine if the inter-vention worked bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
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bhchangemade a significant difference and if it was valuable
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VOCABULARY interms of cost and time
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS b h
1. Evidence-based practice: A systematic process that bh bh bh bh bh
The correct answers are in boldface.
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usescurrent evidence in making decisions about patient
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care.
bh 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
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2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of patient factors bh bh bh bh bh
bhthing is done promotes the understanding for why it is
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along with the use of evidence for shared decisionmaking
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bhimportant to be done and therefore will more likely be
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between the health-care provider and the patient.
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bhdone. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the need to perform
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3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studiesin bh bh bh bh bh bh
bhatask. They do not provide rationale for the task to pro-
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which as many factors as possible that could falsely change
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bhmote understanding of the importance of the task.
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the results are controlled.
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2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has been
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4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta-tion
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bhevaluated as appropriate for an agency provides the best and
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to establish facts and analyze their significance.
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bhsafest patient care. (1) Opinions may not be based on
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5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research bh bh bh bh bh bh
usingguidelines.
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Davis Advantage for Understanding
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Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
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By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
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1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
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Answers
CHAPTER 1 b h
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, and
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determine the best possible plan of action.
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CRITICAL THINKING,
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b h
Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical thinking.
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CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE bh bh hb
Cue
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NURSING PROCESS
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Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data arebh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
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AUDIO CASE STUDY b h b h
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
bh bh bh Definition: Working together with the health team bh bh bh bh bh bh
toimprove patient outcomes.
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1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses;
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generatesolutions; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
many directions. She was also crying in her car and
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Evaluation
hadpoor study habits and not enough sleep.
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3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time
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Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected bh bh bh bh bh
fromwork, and wasted time between classes that she
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withactual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were
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could better utilize. Your resources will be different, but
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expected outcomes met?
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theyexist!
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Vigilance
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking to
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Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
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determine why her current plan isn’t working. She thinks
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honestly about her poor study habits, her time-
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CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT bh b h bh hb
management problems, and the impact this is having
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onher and her family.
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Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a
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Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking to develop
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similar format. Both follow steps from collecting data to
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and carry out a plan that uses her resources and provides
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determin- ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking
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more productive study time and more quality time with her
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actions, and evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking
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kids.
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helps you think about the problem: What is it? Why is it
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happen- ing? And clinical judgment leads you to do something
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VOCABULARY to manage the problem.
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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CUE RECOGNITION bh
Nursing b h process You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST thing is
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Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with
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nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection,
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nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation.
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1. Sit the patient upright.
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2. Call 911 while running across the street.
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Critical thinking bh
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under
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Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
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strategies that increase the probability of a desirable
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pillow.
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outcome. Also involves reflection, problem-solving,
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4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
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andrelated thinking skills.
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5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
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Clinical judgment bh
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and
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decision making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
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,2 Chapter 1 bh Answers
CRITICAL THINKING b h
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
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Could it be low bh bh bh Am I bh Frontal area bh "Sick" Hard Tylenol helps bh Hunger makes bh
diabetic?
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it worse bh
blood sugar? bh
Patient's Where is bh Quality Aggravating
perception it?
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b h
alleviating
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Food
Headache helps
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Useful Severity Timing
other
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data
Sometimes Mother 7–8 on 0– bh bh Lasts 1–2 Before Early in bh
feel is meals the
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b h bh
10 hours
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sick to bh diabetic scale once starts bh
morning
bhstomach
REVIEW QUESTIONS b h taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
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nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing
The correct answers are in boldface.
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process, for which the registered nurse is responsible; the
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1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh LPN/LVN may assist the registered nurse with these.
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patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answer.
bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh Nitroglycerin should not be administered withoutfirst
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2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not
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knowing the patient’s blood pressure.
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knowing something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1)
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showsexpertise but not necessarily intellectual humility;
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(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; bh bh bh bh bh
such as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved.
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(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
(4) isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
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humility.
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8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
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3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
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9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
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4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define
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10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2,
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criticalthinking but are examples of good thinking.
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4)are all positive but do not show intent to take action.
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5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are
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11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2)
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achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of
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aredata; (3) is a recommendation.
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thephysician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple-
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mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
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6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
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(5) thedietitian is not necessary.
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tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
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1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 b h
EVIDENCE-BASED b h PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE bh 1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY b h b h
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
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5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
6. outcomes
thatlinger on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces
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inan area after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that
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exposure to these toxins can be neurotoxic to children
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9. patient’s
and can trigger asthma attacks in sensitive people.
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10. information
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold standardof bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
health care.
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3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and
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collect the most relevant and best evidence
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1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to
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available.Step 3: Think critically. Appraise the evidence
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bhensure that the patient receives the best care possible
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for validity, relevance to the situation, and applicability.
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2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance ofthe
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Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingthe
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bhmedical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion
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change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the
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bhregarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
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practice decision or change.
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3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
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4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
bh(CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence-based
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lozenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or
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bhresources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed bh bh bh bh
varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked
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4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
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well,too. A Cochrane Review found that advice and support
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based change in practice so comparisons canbe made after
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from nursing staff can increase patients’ success in quit- ting
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bhimplementation to determine if the inter-vention worked bh bh bh bh bh bh bh
smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
bh bh bh bh bh bh 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the
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bhchangemade a significant difference and if it was valuable
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VOCABULARY interms of cost and time
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS b h
1. Evidence-based practice: A systematic process that bh bh bh bh bh
The correct answers are in boldface.
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usescurrent evidence in making decisions about patient
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care.
bh 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
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2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of patient factors bh bh bh bh bh
bhthing is done promotes the understanding for why it is
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along with the use of evidence for shared decisionmaking
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bhimportant to be done and therefore will more likely be
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between the health-care provider and the patient.
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bhdone. (1, 2, 4) only communicate the need to perform
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3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studiesin bh bh bh bh bh bh
bhatask. They do not provide rationale for the task to pro-
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which as many factors as possible that could falsely change
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bhmote understanding of the importance of the task.
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the results are controlled.
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2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has been
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4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta-tion
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bhevaluated as appropriate for an agency provides the best and
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to establish facts and analyze their significance.
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bhsafest patient care. (1) Opinions may not be based on
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5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research bh bh bh bh bh bh
usingguidelines.
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