NURS 502 NEWEST 2025 EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH ALREADY A+
Which vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy
ANSWER-HPV, LAIV influenza, MMR, varicella, zoster, BCG, smallpox (prophylactic)
Which vitamins and minerals are recommended for pregnant women to take to prevent different birth
defects
ANSWER-· Folic acid (neural tube defects) **; iodine - healthy thyroid; zinc- low levels associated with
LBW; vitamin D, calcium, niacin, riboflavin
· prenatal vitamins generally contain all the vit/minerals needed
** most important supplement
How ART medication are metabolized
ANSWER-Metabolized by the cytochrome P450 mechanism in the liver
Initial ART tx for HIV
ANSWER-· First line: 2 NRTI+ INSTI = initial
-Added in 2020: Lamivudine + dolutegravir (A1) (NOT recommended if VL >500K, HBV +, no genotype
available)
,· Alternates: 2 NRTIs + 3rd class (INSTI, boosted PI, or NNRTI) or 1 NRTI + INSTI
[Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)]
[Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)]
What safety or medical screening prior to starting ARV tx
Slide 27:
ANSWER--Pt willingness to initiate/stay on regimen
-Pregnancy test (childbearing status)
-HBV co-infection
-HCV co-infection
-Renal function
-Co-morbidities
-Other meds/supplements
-Food requirements
-Living situation
-Incarceration
-Baseline HIV/VL/CD4 ct.
-Access to meds/insurance
-Adherence to tx
Basics regarding tx of HIV in Pregnancy
ANSWER-· If mom suppressed, continue current regimen;
· Many ARVs not tested in pregnancy;
,· Cobicistat-boosted regimens not recommended
· Preferred regimens in pregnancy:
· TDF/FTC (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC)
· or ABC/3TC (if HLAB5701 -) (abacavir with lamivudine) + boosted PI (ATV/r Q day or PRV/r BID) or +
INSTI (raltegravir BID/dolutegravir)
· Informed consent 1st trimester
· Tsepamo: Neural tube defect risk!
· Pregnancy may alter ARV absorption, distribution, and metabolism
· Increased risk for preterm labor when mom on perinatal ART
· Report all cases of ARV drug exposure- need consent
Which medications can reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
ANSWER-· Mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist
· Raloxifene – selective estrogen receptor modulator and decreased bone resorption (SE: hot flashes,
N/V, edema, flushing, HTN, mood changes, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, and skin changes)
· Agonist bone
, · Contraindicated w/history of VTE
Patient counseling points for administration of agents used for osteoporosis
ANSWER-Biphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, inbandronate, zolechonic acid): Take 1st thing in
AM before eating/drinking, take w/ 8 oz plain H2O, do NOT lie down for AT LEAST 30 minutes!
Which agents used for osteoporosis can cause flu-like symptoms
ANSWERE-Biphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab (RANKL inhibitor)
Appropriate dosing for calcium based on patient presentation: CHILDREN
ANSWER-Ages 1-3: 500 mg
Ages 4-8: 800 mg
Pre-teen: Ages 9-18: 1300 mg
Appropriate dosing for calcium based on patient presentation: ADULTS
ANSWER-Ages 19-50: 1000 mg
Ages 50+: (F) 1200 mg
Ages 71+: (M) 1200 mg
What types of calcium supplement to recommend
ANSWER-· Calcium carbonate (take w/ food acid dependent): 40% elemental calcium
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH ALREADY A+
Which vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy
ANSWER-HPV, LAIV influenza, MMR, varicella, zoster, BCG, smallpox (prophylactic)
Which vitamins and minerals are recommended for pregnant women to take to prevent different birth
defects
ANSWER-· Folic acid (neural tube defects) **; iodine - healthy thyroid; zinc- low levels associated with
LBW; vitamin D, calcium, niacin, riboflavin
· prenatal vitamins generally contain all the vit/minerals needed
** most important supplement
How ART medication are metabolized
ANSWER-Metabolized by the cytochrome P450 mechanism in the liver
Initial ART tx for HIV
ANSWER-· First line: 2 NRTI+ INSTI = initial
-Added in 2020: Lamivudine + dolutegravir (A1) (NOT recommended if VL >500K, HBV +, no genotype
available)
,· Alternates: 2 NRTIs + 3rd class (INSTI, boosted PI, or NNRTI) or 1 NRTI + INSTI
[Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)]
[Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)]
What safety or medical screening prior to starting ARV tx
Slide 27:
ANSWER--Pt willingness to initiate/stay on regimen
-Pregnancy test (childbearing status)
-HBV co-infection
-HCV co-infection
-Renal function
-Co-morbidities
-Other meds/supplements
-Food requirements
-Living situation
-Incarceration
-Baseline HIV/VL/CD4 ct.
-Access to meds/insurance
-Adherence to tx
Basics regarding tx of HIV in Pregnancy
ANSWER-· If mom suppressed, continue current regimen;
· Many ARVs not tested in pregnancy;
,· Cobicistat-boosted regimens not recommended
· Preferred regimens in pregnancy:
· TDF/FTC (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC)
· or ABC/3TC (if HLAB5701 -) (abacavir with lamivudine) + boosted PI (ATV/r Q day or PRV/r BID) or +
INSTI (raltegravir BID/dolutegravir)
· Informed consent 1st trimester
· Tsepamo: Neural tube defect risk!
· Pregnancy may alter ARV absorption, distribution, and metabolism
· Increased risk for preterm labor when mom on perinatal ART
· Report all cases of ARV drug exposure- need consent
Which medications can reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
ANSWER-· Mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist
· Raloxifene – selective estrogen receptor modulator and decreased bone resorption (SE: hot flashes,
N/V, edema, flushing, HTN, mood changes, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, and skin changes)
· Agonist bone
, · Contraindicated w/history of VTE
Patient counseling points for administration of agents used for osteoporosis
ANSWER-Biphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, inbandronate, zolechonic acid): Take 1st thing in
AM before eating/drinking, take w/ 8 oz plain H2O, do NOT lie down for AT LEAST 30 minutes!
Which agents used for osteoporosis can cause flu-like symptoms
ANSWERE-Biphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab (RANKL inhibitor)
Appropriate dosing for calcium based on patient presentation: CHILDREN
ANSWER-Ages 1-3: 500 mg
Ages 4-8: 800 mg
Pre-teen: Ages 9-18: 1300 mg
Appropriate dosing for calcium based on patient presentation: ADULTS
ANSWER-Ages 19-50: 1000 mg
Ages 50+: (F) 1200 mg
Ages 71+: (M) 1200 mg
What types of calcium supplement to recommend
ANSWER-· Calcium carbonate (take w/ food acid dependent): 40% elemental calcium
