TEST BANK FOR PHARMACOTHERAPY
ACTUAL EXAM 2025 WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
The PH (for the COOH group) of each of the three drugs is as follows: thyroxine = 3.0,mesothyroxine =
4.0,neothyroxine = 5.0. Of these, which will be absorbed to the greatest extent from the stomach (pH =
1.0)
ANSWER-Neothyroxine
The multi drug resistance proteins (or p-glycoproteins) can protect liver and kidney cells by exporting
harmful chemicals against a concentration gradient in an energy-dependent manner. What is this
called?
ANSWER-active transport
Phase II conjugates typically have the following property/properties
ANSWER-rapidly excreted in the urine
A drug with a half-life of 2 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. How long will it
take for the drug to reach 50% of its steady state concentration?
ANSWER-2 hours
,We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Caffeine is eliminated primarily by metabolism and with first order kinetics. The half-life of caffeine
varies significantly with individuals, but is on average 5.0 hours. The volume of distribution is 0.60 L/kg.
Joe has a mass of 70 kg and is an average subject with regard to caffeine pharmacokinetics. He has a
regular habit of consuming a cup of coffee (85 mg of caffeine) at 8 am.
What is the clearance value (CL) of caffeine in a normal individual?
ANSWER-0.083 L/hr/kg
Which of the following routes is most likely to be affected by the first-pass effect?
ANSWER-oral
A drug, given as a 150 mg single dose, results in a peak plasma concentration of 10 ug/mL. The apparent
volume of distribution is (rapid distribution and negligible elimination prior to measuring the peak
plasma level):
ANSWER-15 L
Which of the following are routes of drug clearance?
-renal
-sweat
-intestines
ANSWER-all of the above
,What factor(s) may reduce drug bioavailability?
-gastric acid instability
-first-pass affect
-exposure to digestive enzymes
ANSWER-all of the above
What type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor?
ANSWER-G-protein coupled receptor
For a cholinesterase modified by an organophosphate compound (e.g. soman), what is the time-
dependent dealkylation process called yielding an enzyme refractory toward reactivation?
ANSWER-aging
Muscarinic receptors bind
ANSWER-acetylcholine
Which of the following is a clinical use for a muscarinic agonist?
ANSWER-"switching on" the urinary tract after surgery
, Indirect cholinergic agonists cause
ANSWER-inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and a corresponding increase in the synaptic acetylcholine
levels
Which of the following is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?
ANSWER-responded predominate during physical activity or when experiencing fright
A patient with an acute attack of glaucoma is treated with pilocarpine. The primary reason for its
effectiveness in this condition is its:
ANSWER-ability to lower intraocular pressure
Put the following steps in the correct order for neurotransmission at the cholinergic neuron
ANSWER-1. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
2. acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles into the synaptic cleft
3. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
4. acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase
The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these except
ANSWER-skeletal muscle
ACTUAL EXAM 2025 WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
The PH (for the COOH group) of each of the three drugs is as follows: thyroxine = 3.0,mesothyroxine =
4.0,neothyroxine = 5.0. Of these, which will be absorbed to the greatest extent from the stomach (pH =
1.0)
ANSWER-Neothyroxine
The multi drug resistance proteins (or p-glycoproteins) can protect liver and kidney cells by exporting
harmful chemicals against a concentration gradient in an energy-dependent manner. What is this
called?
ANSWER-active transport
Phase II conjugates typically have the following property/properties
ANSWER-rapidly excreted in the urine
A drug with a half-life of 2 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. How long will it
take for the drug to reach 50% of its steady state concentration?
ANSWER-2 hours
,We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Caffeine is eliminated primarily by metabolism and with first order kinetics. The half-life of caffeine
varies significantly with individuals, but is on average 5.0 hours. The volume of distribution is 0.60 L/kg.
Joe has a mass of 70 kg and is an average subject with regard to caffeine pharmacokinetics. He has a
regular habit of consuming a cup of coffee (85 mg of caffeine) at 8 am.
What is the clearance value (CL) of caffeine in a normal individual?
ANSWER-0.083 L/hr/kg
Which of the following routes is most likely to be affected by the first-pass effect?
ANSWER-oral
A drug, given as a 150 mg single dose, results in a peak plasma concentration of 10 ug/mL. The apparent
volume of distribution is (rapid distribution and negligible elimination prior to measuring the peak
plasma level):
ANSWER-15 L
Which of the following are routes of drug clearance?
-renal
-sweat
-intestines
ANSWER-all of the above
,What factor(s) may reduce drug bioavailability?
-gastric acid instability
-first-pass affect
-exposure to digestive enzymes
ANSWER-all of the above
What type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor?
ANSWER-G-protein coupled receptor
For a cholinesterase modified by an organophosphate compound (e.g. soman), what is the time-
dependent dealkylation process called yielding an enzyme refractory toward reactivation?
ANSWER-aging
Muscarinic receptors bind
ANSWER-acetylcholine
Which of the following is a clinical use for a muscarinic agonist?
ANSWER-"switching on" the urinary tract after surgery
, Indirect cholinergic agonists cause
ANSWER-inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and a corresponding increase in the synaptic acetylcholine
levels
Which of the following is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?
ANSWER-responded predominate during physical activity or when experiencing fright
A patient with an acute attack of glaucoma is treated with pilocarpine. The primary reason for its
effectiveness in this condition is its:
ANSWER-ability to lower intraocular pressure
Put the following steps in the correct order for neurotransmission at the cholinergic neuron
ANSWER-1. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
2. acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles into the synaptic cleft
3. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA
4. acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase
The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these except
ANSWER-skeletal muscle
