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Exchange and Transport
Systems
Created @February 13, 2025 12:25 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Exchanging Substances
Oxygen for aerobic respiration and nutrients
Waste product excretion like CO2 and urea
Heat exchange occurs so body temp stays the same
Organ Exchange and Mass Transport Systems
Single celled organisms
Substances diffuse across cell surface membrane
Quick process due to small distances
Multicellular organisms
Diffusion is too slow
Cells are deep in the body and too far from external environment for
quick diffusion process
Big animals have low surface area to volume ratio
Difficulty in exchanging enough substance to animal
Mass Transport
Exchange and Transport Systems 1
, Good system required to carry substance from and to cells
Circulatory system uses blood to carry glucose and O2
Factors Affecting Heat Exchange
Size
Heat loss depends on surface area
Organisms with large volume have smaller surface area
Small organisms have bigger surface area making it easier to lose heat
Small organisms have higher metabolic rate to keep warm
Shape
Animals with compact shape reduces heat loss
Less compact shape has bigger surface area increasing heat loss
Shape of animal is dependent on temp or environment
Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations
Animals with higher surface area volume ratio lose more water due to
evaporation
Mammals in cold areas eat high energy foods to sustain high metabolic
rates
Smaller mammals have thick fur or hibernate in plummeting temps
Bigger animals in hot areas increase surface area maximising heat loss
Gas Exchange Adaptations
Exchange and Transport Systems 2
Exchange and Transport
Systems
Created @February 13, 2025 12:25 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Exchanging Substances
Oxygen for aerobic respiration and nutrients
Waste product excretion like CO2 and urea
Heat exchange occurs so body temp stays the same
Organ Exchange and Mass Transport Systems
Single celled organisms
Substances diffuse across cell surface membrane
Quick process due to small distances
Multicellular organisms
Diffusion is too slow
Cells are deep in the body and too far from external environment for
quick diffusion process
Big animals have low surface area to volume ratio
Difficulty in exchanging enough substance to animal
Mass Transport
Exchange and Transport Systems 1
, Good system required to carry substance from and to cells
Circulatory system uses blood to carry glucose and O2
Factors Affecting Heat Exchange
Size
Heat loss depends on surface area
Organisms with large volume have smaller surface area
Small organisms have bigger surface area making it easier to lose heat
Small organisms have higher metabolic rate to keep warm
Shape
Animals with compact shape reduces heat loss
Less compact shape has bigger surface area increasing heat loss
Shape of animal is dependent on temp or environment
Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations
Animals with higher surface area volume ratio lose more water due to
evaporation
Mammals in cold areas eat high energy foods to sustain high metabolic
rates
Smaller mammals have thick fur or hibernate in plummeting temps
Bigger animals in hot areas increase surface area maximising heat loss
Gas Exchange Adaptations
Exchange and Transport Systems 2
