HLTH 335 Final Exam || A+ Guaranteed.
Self-Efficacy
- definition
-who pioneered it
-what is the main focus of the model
-what was learned from Bandura's BOBO doll experiment correct answers -Confidence in
oneself, specifically confidence in ability to engage in health-related behaviors. People are more
successful when they are confident in themself.
-Pioneered by Albert Bandura
-Main focus was the cognitive determinants of behavior
-Learned from BOBO doll that humans are capable of learning new behaviors vicariously
4 strategies to increase self-efficacy correct answers 1. Vicarious experience: learning from
observing others be successful performing the behavior
2. Mastery Experience: performing the behavior yourself and being successful
-Role play is effective
3. Verbal Persuasion: social support or encouragement
-most successful when provided by somebody similar to the target group/individual. Like lay
workers
4. Minimizing Somatic and Emotional states: when we try to influence people's self-efficacy
under conditions where they are highly emotionally energized or charged, we're not successful.
Emotional and physical states while trying to change behavior
Limitation to self-efficacy correct answers Self-efficacy is not observable, and difficult to
measure and know when it's changed
What is not emphasized in self-efficacy theory? correct answers Stages of change (trans-
theoretical model) and changing attitudes
Social Cognitive Theory
-who pioneered the theory
-definition
-main focus of the model correct answers -Pioneered by Albert Bandura
-Definition: a middle ground between the psychological determinants of behavior and the
environmental determinants of behavior. Both ideas are important in changing behavior.
Intrapersonal theory emphasizes environmental influences as well as cognitive processes.
-Main focus is the cognitive determinants of behavior
Triadic model of reciprocal determinism and components correct answers 1. Environment
2. Individual Characteristics
3. Behavior
All three are interrelated and the 3 influence an individual's behavior but also influence each
other.
Constructs of Social Cognitive Theory and definitions correct answers Knowledge
, -learning facts and info about a topic and gaining perspective. Necessary but usually not
sufficient.
Situational Perception
-How an individual interprets and perceives the environment around themselves. What they
believe, not what is real.
Outcome expectations
-what an individual believes about the outcomes/result after engaging in a behavior. Connects a
behavior and an outcome.
Outcome expectancies
-the value that a person places on the predicted outcome (the outcome expectation).
Environment
-the social and physical surroundings
Self-efficacy
-confidence in one's ability to engage in behavior change and overcome barriers
Reinforcement
-responses and consequences following a behavior influence how likely an individual is to
continue or stopd doing it.
Tenant vs construct correct answers Tenants are the foundation of the theory and the proof that
the theory works. The beliefs that you have to accept for this theory to work.
Constructs are the framework on top of the foundation that interventionists try to change in order
to change behavior.
-we focus on constructs in this class
Original name for social cognitive theory correct answers Social learning theory
What do we learn from the bobo doll studies? correct answers Consequences administered to
other people influence our behavior.
Kids were more aggressive after an adult reinforced the model for being aggressive.
The ability of an individual to determine that he or she has had enough to drink, and therefore
should stop, is reflective of which social cognitive theory tenet? correct answers Self-regulatory
capability
Limitations of SCT correct answers Has many constructs that often cannot all be unified, and
people pick and choose
Difficult to measure
Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior
-purpose behind this theory
-main focus of the model
-TPB vs TRA differences
-who pioneered TRA correct answers -Purpose: behavior is driven by intention to behave, which
are influenced by attitudes and subjective norms
-Main focus is the cognitive determinants of health
-TPB vs TRA: TPB includes the added component of Perceived Behavioral Control
Self-Efficacy
- definition
-who pioneered it
-what is the main focus of the model
-what was learned from Bandura's BOBO doll experiment correct answers -Confidence in
oneself, specifically confidence in ability to engage in health-related behaviors. People are more
successful when they are confident in themself.
-Pioneered by Albert Bandura
-Main focus was the cognitive determinants of behavior
-Learned from BOBO doll that humans are capable of learning new behaviors vicariously
4 strategies to increase self-efficacy correct answers 1. Vicarious experience: learning from
observing others be successful performing the behavior
2. Mastery Experience: performing the behavior yourself and being successful
-Role play is effective
3. Verbal Persuasion: social support or encouragement
-most successful when provided by somebody similar to the target group/individual. Like lay
workers
4. Minimizing Somatic and Emotional states: when we try to influence people's self-efficacy
under conditions where they are highly emotionally energized or charged, we're not successful.
Emotional and physical states while trying to change behavior
Limitation to self-efficacy correct answers Self-efficacy is not observable, and difficult to
measure and know when it's changed
What is not emphasized in self-efficacy theory? correct answers Stages of change (trans-
theoretical model) and changing attitudes
Social Cognitive Theory
-who pioneered the theory
-definition
-main focus of the model correct answers -Pioneered by Albert Bandura
-Definition: a middle ground between the psychological determinants of behavior and the
environmental determinants of behavior. Both ideas are important in changing behavior.
Intrapersonal theory emphasizes environmental influences as well as cognitive processes.
-Main focus is the cognitive determinants of behavior
Triadic model of reciprocal determinism and components correct answers 1. Environment
2. Individual Characteristics
3. Behavior
All three are interrelated and the 3 influence an individual's behavior but also influence each
other.
Constructs of Social Cognitive Theory and definitions correct answers Knowledge
, -learning facts and info about a topic and gaining perspective. Necessary but usually not
sufficient.
Situational Perception
-How an individual interprets and perceives the environment around themselves. What they
believe, not what is real.
Outcome expectations
-what an individual believes about the outcomes/result after engaging in a behavior. Connects a
behavior and an outcome.
Outcome expectancies
-the value that a person places on the predicted outcome (the outcome expectation).
Environment
-the social and physical surroundings
Self-efficacy
-confidence in one's ability to engage in behavior change and overcome barriers
Reinforcement
-responses and consequences following a behavior influence how likely an individual is to
continue or stopd doing it.
Tenant vs construct correct answers Tenants are the foundation of the theory and the proof that
the theory works. The beliefs that you have to accept for this theory to work.
Constructs are the framework on top of the foundation that interventionists try to change in order
to change behavior.
-we focus on constructs in this class
Original name for social cognitive theory correct answers Social learning theory
What do we learn from the bobo doll studies? correct answers Consequences administered to
other people influence our behavior.
Kids were more aggressive after an adult reinforced the model for being aggressive.
The ability of an individual to determine that he or she has had enough to drink, and therefore
should stop, is reflective of which social cognitive theory tenet? correct answers Self-regulatory
capability
Limitations of SCT correct answers Has many constructs that often cannot all be unified, and
people pick and choose
Difficult to measure
Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior
-purpose behind this theory
-main focus of the model
-TPB vs TRA differences
-who pioneered TRA correct answers -Purpose: behavior is driven by intention to behave, which
are influenced by attitudes and subjective norms
-Main focus is the cognitive determinants of health
-TPB vs TRA: TPB includes the added component of Perceived Behavioral Control
