Spy 120 TEST 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% ANSWERS GRADE
A
Two-tone supression - A decrease in firing response of one auditory nerve fiber to one tone when a
second tone is presented at the same time
Two-point touch threshold - Neuron in response to sine waves with varying frequencies at the lowest
intensity to give rise to a response
Hair cells - Transduce mechanical movement in inner ear to neural activity to the brain
Auditory nerve - Inner hair cells; convey most info from cochlea to brainstem (afferent)
Frequency-specific - The frequency they are most sensitive to
Characteristic frequency - Barely any responses beyond this
Isointensity - When volume increases, large range of maximum responses; when volume is low, not
much activity and then a big spike at characteristic frequency
Cochlear nucleus - The first brainstem at which afferent auditory nerve fibers synapse
Crossover - Switching over about 60%; left auditory field mostly processed in the right and vice versa
Superior olive - Branches off some of the fibers to the opposite side for processing
Inferior colliculus - Where sounds are
Medial geniculate nucleus - In the thalamus, the last stop in the pathway before the cortex; relays
auditory signals to temporal cortex
Auditory cortex (A1 in temporal lobe) - Cerebral processing of auditory info begins here
, Cerebral dominance - Tendency for one side of the brain to control particular functions like
handedness and speech
Dichotic listening - Two different stimuli going in the two ears;
Left ear --> right hemisphere
Right ear --> left hemisphere
Experimental findings- musical experts - Better detection for information presents to the right ear;
demonstrates left-hemisphere dominance as music is treated as a language to musical experts
Sound localization - Determine the location in space from which a sound is coming
Monaural cues - Volume, doppler shift, precedence effect, directionally sensitive neurons, azimuth
sensitive neurons
Volume - Our perception of intensity is frequency-dependent on volume
Doppler shift - A perceived increase in pitch as sound approaches
Precedence effect - Determines the location through indirect and direct pathways of sound to the ear
Directionally sensitive neurons - Require sounds to be moving, fire when sound moves in preferred
location
Azimuth sensitive neurons - All about location, direction is relevant to head position
The angle of a sound source on the horizon plane relative to the center of the head; 0 degrees being
straight ahead
Binaural cues - Medial plane problems, interaural time differences, and interaural intensity
differences
A
Two-tone supression - A decrease in firing response of one auditory nerve fiber to one tone when a
second tone is presented at the same time
Two-point touch threshold - Neuron in response to sine waves with varying frequencies at the lowest
intensity to give rise to a response
Hair cells - Transduce mechanical movement in inner ear to neural activity to the brain
Auditory nerve - Inner hair cells; convey most info from cochlea to brainstem (afferent)
Frequency-specific - The frequency they are most sensitive to
Characteristic frequency - Barely any responses beyond this
Isointensity - When volume increases, large range of maximum responses; when volume is low, not
much activity and then a big spike at characteristic frequency
Cochlear nucleus - The first brainstem at which afferent auditory nerve fibers synapse
Crossover - Switching over about 60%; left auditory field mostly processed in the right and vice versa
Superior olive - Branches off some of the fibers to the opposite side for processing
Inferior colliculus - Where sounds are
Medial geniculate nucleus - In the thalamus, the last stop in the pathway before the cortex; relays
auditory signals to temporal cortex
Auditory cortex (A1 in temporal lobe) - Cerebral processing of auditory info begins here
, Cerebral dominance - Tendency for one side of the brain to control particular functions like
handedness and speech
Dichotic listening - Two different stimuli going in the two ears;
Left ear --> right hemisphere
Right ear --> left hemisphere
Experimental findings- musical experts - Better detection for information presents to the right ear;
demonstrates left-hemisphere dominance as music is treated as a language to musical experts
Sound localization - Determine the location in space from which a sound is coming
Monaural cues - Volume, doppler shift, precedence effect, directionally sensitive neurons, azimuth
sensitive neurons
Volume - Our perception of intensity is frequency-dependent on volume
Doppler shift - A perceived increase in pitch as sound approaches
Precedence effect - Determines the location through indirect and direct pathways of sound to the ear
Directionally sensitive neurons - Require sounds to be moving, fire when sound moves in preferred
location
Azimuth sensitive neurons - All about location, direction is relevant to head position
The angle of a sound source on the horizon plane relative to the center of the head; 0 degrees being
straight ahead
Binaural cues - Medial plane problems, interaural time differences, and interaural intensity
differences
