IMPORTANT ENZYMES FOR MCAT EXAM-39 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024.

protease protein that hydrolyzes, and therefore cleaves, another protein; hydrolyzes peptide bonds. lipase enzyme that hydrolyzes fats. 6 Ways to Show Appreciation for Your Child's Teacher 0:00 / 0:54 hydrolase hydrolyzes chemical bonds. isomerase rearranges bonds within a molecule to form an isomer. ligase forms a chemical bond. lyase breaks chemical bonds by means other than oxidation or hydrolysis. kindase transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from a high energy carrier, such as ATP. oxidoreductase runs redox reactions. polymerase polymerization. phosphatase removes a phosphate group from a molecule. phosphorylase transfers a phosphate group to a molecule from inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase large protein complex that synthesizes ATP from ADP +Pi. enzymes/small proteins in ETC 1) coenzyme Q reductase 2) coenzyme Q 3) cytochrome C reductase 4) cytochrome C 5) cytochrome C oxidase hexokinase in glycolysis, turns glucose into glucose-6-phosphate by phosphorylation. phosphofructokinase in glycolysis, turns fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphorylation. pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. pep-carboxykinase in gluconeogenesis, converts oxaloacetate to PEP. fructose-1,6-bisphosphotase in gluconeogenesis, converts F-1,6,bP to F6P. glucose-6-phosphotase in gluconeogenesis, converts G6P to glucose. glucose-6-phosphate deyhdrogenase primary point of regulation in PPP and generates NADPH. glycogen synthase principle enzyme responsible for glycogen generation from glucose-1-phosphate. glycogen phosphorylase serves to catabolize glycogen. acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the process in which triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed to liberate free fatty acids, which then undergo B-oxidation. this happens in mito matrix. each oxidation removes one (2-carbon) acetyl Co-A from the molecule. fatty acid synthase catalyzes a decarboxylation reaction where malonyl-CoA provides two carbons to a growing fatty acid, during fatty acid synthesis. acetyl-CoA carboxylase during fatty acid synthesis, is used to generate malonyl-CoA. DNA gyrase uses the energy of ATP to twist the gigantic circular molecule (prokaryotic circular DNA). transposase gene that codes for a protein, within a transposon. has a "cut and paste" activity, where it catalyzes the mobilization of the transposon and the integration into a new genetic location. helicase in DNA replication, unwinds the parent strands, breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous complementary bases; requires ATP hydrolysis to drive the reaction.