SCNM MODULE 2 2025/2026 STUDY GUIDE
GRADED A+
Bordetella Pertussis (Whooping cough) - Gram - Coccobacilli
-Acute Respiratory, Severe coughing episodes (Bronchial pneumonia, acute encephalopothy
-killed 5-10,000/yr before vaccine (available 2013/2014)
-S&S: runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, low-grade fever, pneumonia, whoop sound inhaling,
cyanosis, vomiting
-Petrussis toxin a-b subunit - attaches/blocks cilia movement, increases cAMP levels (mucous
secretions)
-Filamentous hemagglutinin - attaches to human cilia
-Transmission - person-person - can only colonize ciliated epithelial cells of respiratory mucosa
-common childhood before vaccine; incubation 1-2wks, most infectious early but reamins infectious
for 5 wks
Chlamydia Trachomatis (G- indeterminate cocci) - Conjunctivitis (Trachoma) - most common
preventable cause of blindness in world, spread by touching eye, nose, or vaginal secretions (direct
contact, towels/fomites, or eye seeking flies
Genital Infection - (common STD) - 1/2m, 3/4w asymptomatic
-Women - pelvic inflammatory disease - inf of uterus, fallopian tube/ovary, infertility, vaginal
discharge (milky white/yellow) ****Painful urination**
-Men - epididymitis - inflammed colled tube on testis, urethritis, penis discharge (white), ***Painful
urination**, 5x more likely to become infected with HIV
Shigella Dysenteriae (Shigellosis) - G- Rod (Lactose Fermentation - )
Fecal-oral transmission
-S&S - abdominal pain, bloody, mucoid diarrhea, abdominal tenderness, fever, vomiting, dehydration
-Endemic in poor sanitation areas
-Incubation 24-48hrs
(Mild - watery diarrhea; severe - dysentery/abd pain/fever; Lasts 7 days)
**Similar to enteroinvasive E.Coli (EIEC)
-Toxin - inhibits cellular protein synthesis, leads to flulid accumulation due to poor absorption =
shigella toxin (A-B toxin: A=active portion, B=binding portion)
, Escherichia Coli ("Traveler's Diarrhea") - G- Rod; Lactose Fermentation +, EMB=metallic Green
-Common normal flora
-virulent strains = plasmids
-non-inflammatory watery diarrhea
-inflammatory diarrhea (w/blood, mucous, leukocytes)
-Oral-fecal transmission
-Pilli = colonization of ileum
-common in poor sanitation, traveling to developing countries (meat, water, veggies)
**Most serious in infants
What are the 4 types of E. Coli? - 1 - Enterotoxigenic (ETC)
watery diarrhea, nausea, no-low fever
"Traveler's Diarrhea" -
2 - Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
dysentary (blood, fever, identical to shigella) - secretes invasive factors
3 - Enteropathogenic (EPEC) profuse watery diarrhea, fever, (occasional bloody), newborn
nurseries/nocosomial, moderately invasive
4 - Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) serologic group, bloody diarrhea, NO fever, abdominal pain, ***Mainly
food borne (feces contaminated) - Shigela-like toxin (a-b subunits) - kidney failure, intense immune
resonse - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Enterotoxigenic (ETC) - "Traveler's Diarrhea" - 1 - form of E. Coli:
-watery diarrhea, nausea, no-low fever
- toxin damage to mucosal cells, secretion of water/electrolytes, produce either Heat Labile toxin (LT)
= increases cAMP or Heat Stabile toxin (ST) = increases cGMP --> **ST is more severe
-Lasts 24-72 hours
Non-invasive - doesn't enter cells
Enteroinvasive (EIEC) - 1- form of E. Coli - dysentary (blood, fever, identical to shigella)
-secretes invasive factors
-Identical symptoms to Shigella
GRADED A+
Bordetella Pertussis (Whooping cough) - Gram - Coccobacilli
-Acute Respiratory, Severe coughing episodes (Bronchial pneumonia, acute encephalopothy
-killed 5-10,000/yr before vaccine (available 2013/2014)
-S&S: runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, low-grade fever, pneumonia, whoop sound inhaling,
cyanosis, vomiting
-Petrussis toxin a-b subunit - attaches/blocks cilia movement, increases cAMP levels (mucous
secretions)
-Filamentous hemagglutinin - attaches to human cilia
-Transmission - person-person - can only colonize ciliated epithelial cells of respiratory mucosa
-common childhood before vaccine; incubation 1-2wks, most infectious early but reamins infectious
for 5 wks
Chlamydia Trachomatis (G- indeterminate cocci) - Conjunctivitis (Trachoma) - most common
preventable cause of blindness in world, spread by touching eye, nose, or vaginal secretions (direct
contact, towels/fomites, or eye seeking flies
Genital Infection - (common STD) - 1/2m, 3/4w asymptomatic
-Women - pelvic inflammatory disease - inf of uterus, fallopian tube/ovary, infertility, vaginal
discharge (milky white/yellow) ****Painful urination**
-Men - epididymitis - inflammed colled tube on testis, urethritis, penis discharge (white), ***Painful
urination**, 5x more likely to become infected with HIV
Shigella Dysenteriae (Shigellosis) - G- Rod (Lactose Fermentation - )
Fecal-oral transmission
-S&S - abdominal pain, bloody, mucoid diarrhea, abdominal tenderness, fever, vomiting, dehydration
-Endemic in poor sanitation areas
-Incubation 24-48hrs
(Mild - watery diarrhea; severe - dysentery/abd pain/fever; Lasts 7 days)
**Similar to enteroinvasive E.Coli (EIEC)
-Toxin - inhibits cellular protein synthesis, leads to flulid accumulation due to poor absorption =
shigella toxin (A-B toxin: A=active portion, B=binding portion)
, Escherichia Coli ("Traveler's Diarrhea") - G- Rod; Lactose Fermentation +, EMB=metallic Green
-Common normal flora
-virulent strains = plasmids
-non-inflammatory watery diarrhea
-inflammatory diarrhea (w/blood, mucous, leukocytes)
-Oral-fecal transmission
-Pilli = colonization of ileum
-common in poor sanitation, traveling to developing countries (meat, water, veggies)
**Most serious in infants
What are the 4 types of E. Coli? - 1 - Enterotoxigenic (ETC)
watery diarrhea, nausea, no-low fever
"Traveler's Diarrhea" -
2 - Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
dysentary (blood, fever, identical to shigella) - secretes invasive factors
3 - Enteropathogenic (EPEC) profuse watery diarrhea, fever, (occasional bloody), newborn
nurseries/nocosomial, moderately invasive
4 - Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) serologic group, bloody diarrhea, NO fever, abdominal pain, ***Mainly
food borne (feces contaminated) - Shigela-like toxin (a-b subunits) - kidney failure, intense immune
resonse - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Enterotoxigenic (ETC) - "Traveler's Diarrhea" - 1 - form of E. Coli:
-watery diarrhea, nausea, no-low fever
- toxin damage to mucosal cells, secretion of water/electrolytes, produce either Heat Labile toxin (LT)
= increases cAMP or Heat Stabile toxin (ST) = increases cGMP --> **ST is more severe
-Lasts 24-72 hours
Non-invasive - doesn't enter cells
Enteroinvasive (EIEC) - 1- form of E. Coli - dysentary (blood, fever, identical to shigella)
-secretes invasive factors
-Identical symptoms to Shigella
