N125 Exam Study Guide+Questionswith
100% Correct Solutions
A (?) and broadly (?) can be indicators of (?) such as in cases of patients with (?)
Alaterally displaced apical pulse and broadly palpable point of maximal impulse
(PMI) can be indicators of fluid (volume) overload, such as in cases of patients
with heart failure.
The (?) and (?) are the same thing.
The apical pulse and the point of maximal impulse (PMI) are the same thing.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) might be described by a patient as:
"I'll be sleeping great, and then I wake up and feel like I can't get my breath". PND can
be caused by several conditions, including those involving the heart (This should
guide your questions as you take their health history).
Signs/symptoms of heart failure exacerbation
Shortness of breath – especially with activity or when lying flat.
Fatigue – feeling unusually tired or weak.
Swelling – in the feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen.
Rapid weight gain – due to fluid buildup.
Increased coughing or wheezing – often with pink or frothy sputum.
Difficulty breathing – especially when lying down (orthopnea) or at night
(paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).
Increased heart rate or palpitations – feeling a racing heart or irregular rhythm.
, Decreased exercise tolerance – unable to do usual activities without becoming
easily winded.
Technique for auscultating carotid bruits:
Position the Patient: Have the patient sit upright or in a comfortable position, with their
neck slightly turned to the side to expose the carotid arteries. Ask the patient to
breathe normally and remain quiet.
Place the Stethoscope: Gently place the stethoscope on the skin over the carotid artery
on one side of the neck. Listen in several spots:
At the angle of the jaw (common location for bruits)
At the mid-neck
Near the clavicle
Ask the Patient to Hold Their Breath: This minimizes respiratory sounds that might
interfere with your ability to hear bruits.
Listen for Abnormal Sounds:
A bruit sounds like a whooshing or swishing noise, indicating turbulent blood flow.
Definition of "atrial kick":
the contraction of the atria that occurs during ventricular diastole, which increases
the force of the atria and contributes to cardiac output
(?) is a common (expected) finding in older adults. (?) , (?) , and (?) are not
Increased systolic pressure is a common (expected) finding in older
adults. Tachycardia, split S2, and an irregular pulse are not
(?), (?), (?), (?) and (?) are major risk factors for heart disease
100% Correct Solutions
A (?) and broadly (?) can be indicators of (?) such as in cases of patients with (?)
Alaterally displaced apical pulse and broadly palpable point of maximal impulse
(PMI) can be indicators of fluid (volume) overload, such as in cases of patients
with heart failure.
The (?) and (?) are the same thing.
The apical pulse and the point of maximal impulse (PMI) are the same thing.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) might be described by a patient as:
"I'll be sleeping great, and then I wake up and feel like I can't get my breath". PND can
be caused by several conditions, including those involving the heart (This should
guide your questions as you take their health history).
Signs/symptoms of heart failure exacerbation
Shortness of breath – especially with activity or when lying flat.
Fatigue – feeling unusually tired or weak.
Swelling – in the feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen.
Rapid weight gain – due to fluid buildup.
Increased coughing or wheezing – often with pink or frothy sputum.
Difficulty breathing – especially when lying down (orthopnea) or at night
(paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).
Increased heart rate or palpitations – feeling a racing heart or irregular rhythm.
, Decreased exercise tolerance – unable to do usual activities without becoming
easily winded.
Technique for auscultating carotid bruits:
Position the Patient: Have the patient sit upright or in a comfortable position, with their
neck slightly turned to the side to expose the carotid arteries. Ask the patient to
breathe normally and remain quiet.
Place the Stethoscope: Gently place the stethoscope on the skin over the carotid artery
on one side of the neck. Listen in several spots:
At the angle of the jaw (common location for bruits)
At the mid-neck
Near the clavicle
Ask the Patient to Hold Their Breath: This minimizes respiratory sounds that might
interfere with your ability to hear bruits.
Listen for Abnormal Sounds:
A bruit sounds like a whooshing or swishing noise, indicating turbulent blood flow.
Definition of "atrial kick":
the contraction of the atria that occurs during ventricular diastole, which increases
the force of the atria and contributes to cardiac output
(?) is a common (expected) finding in older adults. (?) , (?) , and (?) are not
Increased systolic pressure is a common (expected) finding in older
adults. Tachycardia, split S2, and an irregular pulse are not
(?), (?), (?), (?) and (?) are major risk factors for heart disease
