N125 Exam 4 with 100 Questions & 100%
Correct Solutions
What is the important information when obtaining a genitourinary history?
- Any difficulty controlling your urine? --> Urge incontinence
- Accidentally urinate when you sneeze, laugh, cough, or bear down? --> Stress
incontinence
- Any history of kidney disease, kidney stones, flank pain, urinary tract infections,
prostate trouble?
Define urge incontinence
Involuntary urine loss from overactive detrusor muscle in bladder.
Define stress incontinence
Involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing caused by weakness of
pelvic floor.
Define hernia
- a loop of bowel protruding through a weak spot in the musculature
- Solid tissue and blood do not transilluminate when flashlight is shined from behind
What is a reducible hernia?
Contents will return to abdominal cavity by lying down or gentle pressure.
What is a strangulated hernia?
Blood supply to hernia is shut off. Accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and tenderness.
What is a incarcerated hernia?
Herniated bowel cannot be returned to abdominal cavity.
,What is an inguinal hernia?
- Bulge at external inguinal ring or femoral canal. (A hernia may be present but easily
reduced and appear only with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.)
- Palpable herniating mass bumps your fingertip or pushes against the side of your finger
What is a Scrotal hernia?
- Swelling, may have pain with straining
- Inspection—Enlarged, may reduce when supine, does not transilluminate
- Palpation—Soft, mushy mass; palpating fingers cannot get above mass. Mass is
distinct from testicle that is normal, non-tender swelling of scrotum
- Scrotal hernia usually caused by indirect inguinal hernia, Requires surgery.
What is a femoral hernia?
- Through femoral ring and canal, below inguinal ligament, more often on right side
- Pain may be severe; may become strangulated
Sexual changes associated with aging in males
- does not experience a definite end to fertility as the woman does.
- The production of sperm begins to decrease around 40 years, although it
continues into the 80s and 90s.
- Testosterone production declines after age 30 but very gradually, so resulting
physical changes are not evident until later in life.
- In the aging male the amount of pubic hair decreases and turns gray. Penis
size decreases.
- scrotal contents hang lower, The testes decrease in size and are less firm to palpation.
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes an obstructed urine stream and risk for
urinary tract infection (UTI).
- declining testosterone production leaves the older male with a slower and less intense
, sexual response, and an erection takes longer to develop and is less full or firm.
- Ejaculation is shorter and less forceful, and the volume of seminal fluid is less
than when the man was younger.
Sexual changes associated with aging in females
- Natural lubrication is decreased
- Menopause and the resulting decrease in estrogen production cause
numerous physical changes.
- Pubic hair gradually decreases, becoming thin and sparse in later years.
- The skin is thinner, and fat deposits decrease, leaving the mons pubis smaller and
the labia flatter with a hanging appearance.
- Clitoris size also decreases after age 60 years.
- Internally the rugae of the vaginal walls decrease, and the walls look pale pink
because of the thinned epithelium.
- The cervix shrinks and looks pale and glistening. It may retract, appearing to be
flush with the vaginal wall.
- Menopause is cessation of the menses. Usually this occurs around 48 to 51
years, although a wide variation of age from 35 to 60 years exists.
- The uterus shrinks in size because of decreased myometrium.
- The vagina becomes shorter, narrower, and less elastic.
- Without sexual activity the vagina atrophies to one-half its former length and width.
The vaginal epithelium atrophies, becoming thinner, drier, and itchy.
Define dysuria and the cause
- Pain or discomfort associated with voiding
- cause:Urinary tract infection,Inflammation of the prostate, Urethritis, Trauma to
the lower urinary tract, Urinary tract tumors
Correct Solutions
What is the important information when obtaining a genitourinary history?
- Any difficulty controlling your urine? --> Urge incontinence
- Accidentally urinate when you sneeze, laugh, cough, or bear down? --> Stress
incontinence
- Any history of kidney disease, kidney stones, flank pain, urinary tract infections,
prostate trouble?
Define urge incontinence
Involuntary urine loss from overactive detrusor muscle in bladder.
Define stress incontinence
Involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing caused by weakness of
pelvic floor.
Define hernia
- a loop of bowel protruding through a weak spot in the musculature
- Solid tissue and blood do not transilluminate when flashlight is shined from behind
What is a reducible hernia?
Contents will return to abdominal cavity by lying down or gentle pressure.
What is a strangulated hernia?
Blood supply to hernia is shut off. Accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and tenderness.
What is a incarcerated hernia?
Herniated bowel cannot be returned to abdominal cavity.
,What is an inguinal hernia?
- Bulge at external inguinal ring or femoral canal. (A hernia may be present but easily
reduced and appear only with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.)
- Palpable herniating mass bumps your fingertip or pushes against the side of your finger
What is a Scrotal hernia?
- Swelling, may have pain with straining
- Inspection—Enlarged, may reduce when supine, does not transilluminate
- Palpation—Soft, mushy mass; palpating fingers cannot get above mass. Mass is
distinct from testicle that is normal, non-tender swelling of scrotum
- Scrotal hernia usually caused by indirect inguinal hernia, Requires surgery.
What is a femoral hernia?
- Through femoral ring and canal, below inguinal ligament, more often on right side
- Pain may be severe; may become strangulated
Sexual changes associated with aging in males
- does not experience a definite end to fertility as the woman does.
- The production of sperm begins to decrease around 40 years, although it
continues into the 80s and 90s.
- Testosterone production declines after age 30 but very gradually, so resulting
physical changes are not evident until later in life.
- In the aging male the amount of pubic hair decreases and turns gray. Penis
size decreases.
- scrotal contents hang lower, The testes decrease in size and are less firm to palpation.
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes an obstructed urine stream and risk for
urinary tract infection (UTI).
- declining testosterone production leaves the older male with a slower and less intense
, sexual response, and an erection takes longer to develop and is less full or firm.
- Ejaculation is shorter and less forceful, and the volume of seminal fluid is less
than when the man was younger.
Sexual changes associated with aging in females
- Natural lubrication is decreased
- Menopause and the resulting decrease in estrogen production cause
numerous physical changes.
- Pubic hair gradually decreases, becoming thin and sparse in later years.
- The skin is thinner, and fat deposits decrease, leaving the mons pubis smaller and
the labia flatter with a hanging appearance.
- Clitoris size also decreases after age 60 years.
- Internally the rugae of the vaginal walls decrease, and the walls look pale pink
because of the thinned epithelium.
- The cervix shrinks and looks pale and glistening. It may retract, appearing to be
flush with the vaginal wall.
- Menopause is cessation of the menses. Usually this occurs around 48 to 51
years, although a wide variation of age from 35 to 60 years exists.
- The uterus shrinks in size because of decreased myometrium.
- The vagina becomes shorter, narrower, and less elastic.
- Without sexual activity the vagina atrophies to one-half its former length and width.
The vaginal epithelium atrophies, becoming thinner, drier, and itchy.
Define dysuria and the cause
- Pain or discomfort associated with voiding
- cause:Urinary tract infection,Inflammation of the prostate, Urethritis, Trauma to
the lower urinary tract, Urinary tract tumors
