TEST BANK
Human Learning 8th Edition
By Ormrod, All Chapters 1-15
, CHAPTERg1
PERSPECTIVESgONgLEARNING
MultiplegChoicegQuestions
Humangbeingsgundoubtedlyglearngmoregduringgthegcoursegofgaglifetimeg
thanganygothergspeciesgongearth.gThegmajorgresultgofgthisgcapacitygtoglearngi
sgthat:
Newginstinctsgbegingtogemerge.
Humangthoughtgbecomesglessglogicalgwithgeachggenerati
on.gHumansgcangbenefitgfromgtheirgexperiences.
Humansgaregthegonlygspeciesgwhosegbehaviorgcannotgbeganalyz
edgingtermsgofgstimuligandgresponses.
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregexamplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgnot?
Abigailgcriesgwhengshegstepsgongagsharpgpebble.
Aftergmanyghoursgofgheatedgdebate,gBriangbeginsgtogadvo
categpoliticalgpracticesgheghasgpreviouslygopposed.
Caragsuddenlygrecognizesghowgthegdivisiongfactg―24g’g4g=g6‖gisgrel
atedgtogthegmultiplicationgfactg―6gxg4g=g24.‖
DavidghasgbeengrunninggawaygfromgGermangshepherdsgevergsinc
eghegwasgbittengbygagGermangshepherdgtwogyearsgago.
Reyneldaghasgtroublegtracinggagcomplexgshapegwithgagpencilgwhengshegis
ingkindergarten,gbutgshegcangdogitgquitegwellgbygthegtimegshegisgingsecondggr
g
ade.gIsgthisganginstancegofglearning?
Yes,gbecauseghergbehaviorghasgchanged.
No,gbecausegthegcircumstancesgaregtoogdissimilar.
Maybe,galthoughgthegchangegmaygsimplygbegdu
egtogphysiologicalgmaturation.
Maybe,gbutgonlygifgshegisgbeinggreinforcedgforgtracinggaccurately.
2
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggillustrategvariousgwaysgthatglearninggmightg begrefl
ectedgingagperson‘sgbehavior.gWhichgonegofgthegfollowinggchangesgdoesgnotg
necessarilygreflectglearning?
Althoughgit‘sgagschoolgnight,gDeangplaysgvideoggamesguntilgwellgpastg
hisgusualgbedtime.gAsghegbecomesgmoregtired,ghegfindsgitgincreasinglyg
difficultgtogconcentrategongwhatghe‘sgdoing.
Evengasgagyounggchild,gJerrygcouldgtellgyougthatghisggrandpare
ntsgimmigratedgtogthegUnitedgStatesgfromgIreland.gButgaftergagc
onversationgwithghisggrandmother,ghegcangnowgdescribegthegc
ircumstancesgofgthegfamily‘sgimmigrationgingconsiderablegdeta
il.
Daygaftergday,gMartingpracticesghisgbasketballgskillsg (shooting,gdribbli
ng,getc.)gongagbasketballgcourtgatgaglocalgpark.gWithgeachgpracticegsess
ion,ghisgmovementsgbecomegfastergandgsmoother.
Lewisgoccasionallygasksgforghelpgwhengheghasgdifficultygwithghisgclass
work,gbutgmostgofgthegtimeghegjustgstrugglesgquietlygonghisgown.gAft
erghisgteachergassuresghimgthatgaskinggforghelpgisgnotgagsigngofgweakn
essgorginability,ghegbeginsgaskinggforghelpgmuchgmoregfrequently.
g researchgexaminesglearninggingtightlygcontrolledgsettingsgand
g researchgexaminesglearninggingreal-worldgsettings.
Applied;gBasicgBasi
c;gQualitativegQual
itative;gAppliedgBas
ic;gApplied
Agprinciplegofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgi
ngagparticulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
Agtheorygofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgi
ngagparticulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
3
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregprinciplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgagtheory
ofglearninggrathergthangagprinciple?
Agbehaviorgthatgisgfollowedgbygpunishmentgdecreasesgingfrequency.
Peopleglearngbygmakinggmentalgassociationsgbetweengnewginform
ationgandgtheirgexistinggknowledge.
Agresponsegthatgisgrewardedgeverygtimegitgoccursgincreasesgm
oregrapidlygthangagresponsegthatgisgonlygoccasionallygrewarde
d.
Studentsgtendgtogremembergmoregofgaglecturegifgtheygtakegnotesg
ongtheglecture‘sgcontent.
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegconc
eptgofgintrospection?
―Wheregthere‘sgagwill,gthere‘sgagway.‖
―Nothinggventured,gnothingggained.‖
―Agpennygforgyourgthoughts.‖
―Oldghabitsgdieghard.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegb
asicgpremisegunderlyinggsocialglearninggtheory?
―Monkeygsee,gmonkeygdo.‖
―Sparegthegrodgandgspoilgthegchild.‖
―Agfriendgingneedgisgagfriendgindeed.‖
―Agrollinggstoneggathersgnogmoss.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggstatementsgprovidesgthegmostgcrediblegex
planationgforgthegfactgthatghumangbeingsgseemgtogsurpassgallgotherganim
algspeciesgingtheirgthinkinggandglearninggcapacities?
Onlyghumangbeingsghavegthegcapabilitygtogmakegtools.
Humansgcommunicategregularlygwithgoneganothergand,gingdoin
ggso,gpassgalonggwhatgthey‘veglearnedgtogfutureggenerations.
Humangbeingsghavegaghugegrepertoiregofginstinctualgbehaviorsgf
romgwhichgtheygcangdrawgwhengtheygencountergnewgexperienc
es.
Humangbrainsgaregsmallergthangthosegofgothergintelligentgspeciesg(e.
g.,gelephants,gdolphins)gandgthereforegcangtransmitgmessagesgmoreg
quicklygandgefficiently.
4
Human Learning 8th Edition
By Ormrod, All Chapters 1-15
, CHAPTERg1
PERSPECTIVESgONgLEARNING
MultiplegChoicegQuestions
Humangbeingsgundoubtedlyglearngmoregduringgthegcoursegofgaglifetimeg
thanganygothergspeciesgongearth.gThegmajorgresultgofgthisgcapacitygtoglearngi
sgthat:
Newginstinctsgbegingtogemerge.
Humangthoughtgbecomesglessglogicalgwithgeachggenerati
on.gHumansgcangbenefitgfromgtheirgexperiences.
Humansgaregthegonlygspeciesgwhosegbehaviorgcannotgbeganalyz
edgingtermsgofgstimuligandgresponses.
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregexamplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgnot?
Abigailgcriesgwhengshegstepsgongagsharpgpebble.
Aftergmanyghoursgofgheatedgdebate,gBriangbeginsgtogadvo
categpoliticalgpracticesgheghasgpreviouslygopposed.
Caragsuddenlygrecognizesghowgthegdivisiongfactg―24g’g4g=g6‖gisgrel
atedgtogthegmultiplicationgfactg―6gxg4g=g24.‖
DavidghasgbeengrunninggawaygfromgGermangshepherdsgevergsinc
eghegwasgbittengbygagGermangshepherdgtwogyearsgago.
Reyneldaghasgtroublegtracinggagcomplexgshapegwithgagpencilgwhengshegis
ingkindergarten,gbutgshegcangdogitgquitegwellgbygthegtimegshegisgingsecondggr
g
ade.gIsgthisganginstancegofglearning?
Yes,gbecauseghergbehaviorghasgchanged.
No,gbecausegthegcircumstancesgaregtoogdissimilar.
Maybe,galthoughgthegchangegmaygsimplygbegdu
egtogphysiologicalgmaturation.
Maybe,gbutgonlygifgshegisgbeinggreinforcedgforgtracinggaccurately.
2
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggillustrategvariousgwaysgthatglearninggmightg begrefl
ectedgingagperson‘sgbehavior.gWhichgonegofgthegfollowinggchangesgdoesgnotg
necessarilygreflectglearning?
Althoughgit‘sgagschoolgnight,gDeangplaysgvideoggamesguntilgwellgpastg
hisgusualgbedtime.gAsghegbecomesgmoregtired,ghegfindsgitgincreasinglyg
difficultgtogconcentrategongwhatghe‘sgdoing.
Evengasgagyounggchild,gJerrygcouldgtellgyougthatghisggrandpare
ntsgimmigratedgtogthegUnitedgStatesgfromgIreland.gButgaftergagc
onversationgwithghisggrandmother,ghegcangnowgdescribegthegc
ircumstancesgofgthegfamily‘sgimmigrationgingconsiderablegdeta
il.
Daygaftergday,gMartingpracticesghisgbasketballgskillsg (shooting,gdribbli
ng,getc.)gongagbasketballgcourtgatgaglocalgpark.gWithgeachgpracticegsess
ion,ghisgmovementsgbecomegfastergandgsmoother.
Lewisgoccasionallygasksgforghelpgwhengheghasgdifficultygwithghisgclass
work,gbutgmostgofgthegtimeghegjustgstrugglesgquietlygonghisgown.gAft
erghisgteachergassuresghimgthatgaskinggforghelpgisgnotgagsigngofgweakn
essgorginability,ghegbeginsgaskinggforghelpgmuchgmoregfrequently.
g researchgexaminesglearninggingtightlygcontrolledgsettingsgand
g researchgexaminesglearninggingreal-worldgsettings.
Applied;gBasicgBasi
c;gQualitativegQual
itative;gAppliedgBas
ic;gApplied
Agprinciplegofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgi
ngagparticulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
Agtheorygofglearninggcangbestgbegcharacterizedgas:
Agdescriptiongofgthegresultsgofgagparticulargresearchgstudy
Agstatementgthatgdescribesghowgagparticulargfactorgaffectsglearning
Thegmeasurementgofghowgmuchglearningghasgoccurredgi
ngagparticulargsituation
Angexplanationgofgthegunderlyinggprocessesgthroughgwhichglearninggoccurs
3
, Chapterg1g–gPerspectivesgongLearning
Threegofgthegfollowinggaregprinciplesgofglearning.gWhichgonegisgagtheory
ofglearninggrathergthangagprinciple?
Agbehaviorgthatgisgfollowedgbygpunishmentgdecreasesgingfrequency.
Peopleglearngbygmakinggmentalgassociationsgbetweengnewginform
ationgandgtheirgexistinggknowledge.
Agresponsegthatgisgrewardedgeverygtimegitgoccursgincreasesgm
oregrapidlygthangagresponsegthatgisgonlygoccasionallygrewarde
d.
Studentsgtendgtogremembergmoregofgaglecturegifgtheygtakegnotesg
ongtheglecture‘sgcontent.
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegconc
eptgofgintrospection?
―Wheregthere‘sgagwill,gthere‘sgagway.‖
―Nothinggventured,gnothingggained.‖
―Agpennygforgyourgthoughts.‖
―Oldghabitsgdieghard.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggcommongsayingsgbestgreflectsgthegb
asicgpremisegunderlyinggsocialglearninggtheory?
―Monkeygsee,gmonkeygdo.‖
―Sparegthegrodgandgspoilgthegchild.‖
―Agfriendgingneedgisgagfriendgindeed.‖
―Agrollinggstoneggathersgnogmoss.‖
Whichgonegofgthegfollowinggstatementsgprovidesgthegmostgcrediblegex
planationgforgthegfactgthatghumangbeingsgseemgtogsurpassgallgotherganim
algspeciesgingtheirgthinkinggandglearninggcapacities?
Onlyghumangbeingsghavegthegcapabilitygtogmakegtools.
Humansgcommunicategregularlygwithgoneganothergand,gingdoin
ggso,gpassgalonggwhatgthey‘veglearnedgtogfutureggenerations.
Humangbeingsghavegaghugegrepertoiregofginstinctualgbehaviorsgf
romgwhichgtheygcangdrawgwhengtheygencountergnewgexperienc
es.
Humangbrainsgaregsmallergthangthosegofgothergintelligentgspeciesg(e.
g.,gelephants,gdolphins)gandgthereforegcangtransmitgmessagesgmoreg
quicklygandgefficiently.
4
