XNB271 Motor Control Final questions
well answered to pass
visual neglect - correct answer ✔✔a tendency to ignore things that appear on one side of the body
Parietal cortex damage - correct answer ✔✔Results in apraxia
Apraxia - correct answer ✔✔Complex movement tasks cannot be sequenced and completed
ideational apraxia - correct answer ✔✔Breakdown in ability to access memory representations of tasks;
cannot pantomime but can use objects; cannot sequence complex actions
ideomotor apraxia - correct answer ✔✔Breakdown in translation of memory representations into motor
commands; inability to imitate, patient can say what they are supposed to be doing
optic ataxia (Balint's syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔Problems translating vision into action - can see an
object but not reach and grasp it
1909 - correct answer ✔✔Balint's syndrome researched
Patient DF suffered from - correct answer ✔✔Visual form agnosia
visual form agnosia - correct answer ✔✔the inability to recognize objects by sight
Preserved abilities for DF (compared to controls) - correct answer ✔✔Grasp shape, ability to negotiate
obstacles, "posting" (but not matching), peripheral vision function
ventral stream - correct answer ✔✔Inferotemporal cortex, focal, object identification
,dorsal stream - correct answer ✔✔Parietal cortex, ambient system, motion
Visual Cliff - correct answer ✔✔Gibson and Walk, 1960
Titchener circles illusion - correct answer ✔✔Reaction time is shorter for perceptually different discs,
grip aperture is different for perceptually identical but physically different discs
Woodworth 1899 - correct answer ✔✔2 stages of movement: initial impulse (preprogrammed), current
control (visual feedback)
Keele and Posner 1968 - correct answer ✔✔200ms minimum time for visual feedback
Fitts 1954 - correct answer ✔✔Greater difficulty requires more feedback meaning a longer movement
time
Iterative corrections model - correct answer ✔✔Feedback from one movement is used to correct until
the movement is accurate
Impulse variability model - correct answer ✔✔Spatial variability is proportional to muscle force required
and time over which it is produced
Schmidt 1979 - correct answer ✔✔Impulse variability model - all movements characterised by variability
- force and force variability and duration and duration variability are related - higher force and longer
duration increase variability
Impulse (impulse variability model) - correct answer ✔✔Change in momentum
Momentum - correct answer ✔✔Mass x velocity
Intersegmental coordination - correct answer ✔✔Coordination of body segments (limbs etc) to create
complex movements
, Transport phase - correct answer ✔✔Hand is carried towards object
Grasp phase - correct answer ✔✔Fingers wrap around object
Dependence between transport and grasp phases - correct answer ✔✔Fast movement = greater grasp
aperture, maximum grasp aperture when arm slows
Lee and Reddish 1981 - correct answer ✔✔Diving Gannets
Lee 1976 - correct answer ✔✔Local Tau provides time-to-contact information where Tau = size of retinal
image/rate of change of image
Angles of rays from edges of the ball expand at the same rate - correct answer ✔✔Ball is coming directly
towards the observer
Relative rate of change of angles of rays from both sides of the ball is different - correct answer ✔✔Ball
will pass to the side of the observer
Savelsbergh and Van der Kamp (1998) - correct answer ✔✔Infants adapt interceptive actions
Lee and Aronson 1974 - correct answer ✔✔Moving room experiment - walls move away and child falls
forward, walls move closer and child falls backward
Rods - correct answer ✔✔Detect motion, spread across retina and periphery
Cones - correct answer ✔✔Detect colour, concentrated in fovea
Ganglion cells - correct answer ✔✔Run along inner surface of retina and gather together to form the
optic nerve
well answered to pass
visual neglect - correct answer ✔✔a tendency to ignore things that appear on one side of the body
Parietal cortex damage - correct answer ✔✔Results in apraxia
Apraxia - correct answer ✔✔Complex movement tasks cannot be sequenced and completed
ideational apraxia - correct answer ✔✔Breakdown in ability to access memory representations of tasks;
cannot pantomime but can use objects; cannot sequence complex actions
ideomotor apraxia - correct answer ✔✔Breakdown in translation of memory representations into motor
commands; inability to imitate, patient can say what they are supposed to be doing
optic ataxia (Balint's syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔Problems translating vision into action - can see an
object but not reach and grasp it
1909 - correct answer ✔✔Balint's syndrome researched
Patient DF suffered from - correct answer ✔✔Visual form agnosia
visual form agnosia - correct answer ✔✔the inability to recognize objects by sight
Preserved abilities for DF (compared to controls) - correct answer ✔✔Grasp shape, ability to negotiate
obstacles, "posting" (but not matching), peripheral vision function
ventral stream - correct answer ✔✔Inferotemporal cortex, focal, object identification
,dorsal stream - correct answer ✔✔Parietal cortex, ambient system, motion
Visual Cliff - correct answer ✔✔Gibson and Walk, 1960
Titchener circles illusion - correct answer ✔✔Reaction time is shorter for perceptually different discs,
grip aperture is different for perceptually identical but physically different discs
Woodworth 1899 - correct answer ✔✔2 stages of movement: initial impulse (preprogrammed), current
control (visual feedback)
Keele and Posner 1968 - correct answer ✔✔200ms minimum time for visual feedback
Fitts 1954 - correct answer ✔✔Greater difficulty requires more feedback meaning a longer movement
time
Iterative corrections model - correct answer ✔✔Feedback from one movement is used to correct until
the movement is accurate
Impulse variability model - correct answer ✔✔Spatial variability is proportional to muscle force required
and time over which it is produced
Schmidt 1979 - correct answer ✔✔Impulse variability model - all movements characterised by variability
- force and force variability and duration and duration variability are related - higher force and longer
duration increase variability
Impulse (impulse variability model) - correct answer ✔✔Change in momentum
Momentum - correct answer ✔✔Mass x velocity
Intersegmental coordination - correct answer ✔✔Coordination of body segments (limbs etc) to create
complex movements
, Transport phase - correct answer ✔✔Hand is carried towards object
Grasp phase - correct answer ✔✔Fingers wrap around object
Dependence between transport and grasp phases - correct answer ✔✔Fast movement = greater grasp
aperture, maximum grasp aperture when arm slows
Lee and Reddish 1981 - correct answer ✔✔Diving Gannets
Lee 1976 - correct answer ✔✔Local Tau provides time-to-contact information where Tau = size of retinal
image/rate of change of image
Angles of rays from edges of the ball expand at the same rate - correct answer ✔✔Ball is coming directly
towards the observer
Relative rate of change of angles of rays from both sides of the ball is different - correct answer ✔✔Ball
will pass to the side of the observer
Savelsbergh and Van der Kamp (1998) - correct answer ✔✔Infants adapt interceptive actions
Lee and Aronson 1974 - correct answer ✔✔Moving room experiment - walls move away and child falls
forward, walls move closer and child falls backward
Rods - correct answer ✔✔Detect motion, spread across retina and periphery
Cones - correct answer ✔✔Detect colour, concentrated in fovea
Ganglion cells - correct answer ✔✔Run along inner surface of retina and gather together to form the
optic nerve
