BIOD 152 MODULE 5 EXAM
1. Which type of immune cell continues to produce a small amount of anti-body after the
infection is over:
Answer: Memory B cell
2. These are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus:
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Helper T cells
C. B cells
D. NK cells
E. A&BT cells originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus
F. C&D
Answer: E. A&B T cells originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus
3. These cells contain an antigen receptor as part of their cell coat:
Answer: T cells
4. What is FALSE concerning the MHC?
A. These are antibody receptors found on only certain types immune cells.
B. T cells recognize and destroy invading cells using the MHC.
C. It is genetically determined and unique to each person
D. Abnormal cells display a different MHC than healthy cells
Answer: A. These areantibody receptors found on only certain types immune cells.
5. Discuss how cell-mediated immunity defends the body against diseases. Give an example
of what type of cell uses this form of immunity in the body.
Answer: Tcells work through cell mediated immunity which locally releases contents such as
cytokines or enzymes to kill a pathogen or infected cell.
(Other examples could include phagocytosis by macrophages, monocytes, or neutrophils by
directly engulfing and killing a pathogen)
6. What are immunosuppressant drugs and why are they necessary?
Answer: Immunosuppressant drugs suppress the immune system. Suppressing the immune
system is necessary so that the body does not reject the organ transplant or tissuegraft. While
taking these immunosuppressant drugs the patient is more susceptibleto disease.
7. In Rheumatoid arthritis, immune cells attack the .
Answer: Synovial lining/joints
, 8. A patient is admitted to the ER with hives and difficulty breathing. What ismost likely
happening?
Answer: anaphylaxis due to an allergic reaction
9. Look at the patient in the picture below.This patient does not want furthermedical help.
Name two concerns you discuss with your patient if she does notcontinue treatment.
Answer: The patient is suffering from lymphedema. If left untreated, theleg will continue to
swell causing damage to the tissue and vessels that will cause reduced range of motion and
flexibility. It could also become infected.
10. Describe the structure of a lymph node
Answer: A lymph node is encapsulated in a fibrous connective tissue with many incoming and
fewer outgoing lymphatic vessels.Incoming vessels (afferent vessels) flow through a network
of sinuses that contain cells. The lymph then flows out of the lymph node through the efferent
vessel. Theinterior of the lymph node is divided into open spaces called nodules, containing
lymphocytes and macrophages.
11. Describe the location of the thymus gland
Answer: The thymus gland is located onanterior surface of the heart.
12. Describe the structure and function of the palatine tonsils
Answer: The palatine tonsils are a group of small lymphoid organs in the lateral, posterior
portions of thethroat. The tonsils gather and destroy bacteria inhaled in air or food.
13. Name the 2 main groups of cytokines and what produces them
Answer: Interferonsand interleukins are produced by immune cells including macrophages, T
cells, B cells, and fibroblasts.
14. Describe the function of interferons
Answer: Interferons inhibit viral replication andassist in activating natural killer cells.
15. Describe the function of interleukins
Answer: Interleukins function as chemical activators and signals in the body to increase the
immune response. Subtypes functionto activate different types of immune cells.
16. Describe the function of the interleukin pyrogen.
Answer: Pyrogens reset the body'sthermostat in the hypothalamus. The temperature set-point
during homeostasis (normal body temperature) is raised to create a fever.
17. What are the steps of phagocytosis?
Answer: A cell, such as a neutrophil, recognizesa pathogen by its cell surface receptors. The
neutrophil then binds to the pathogenand brings it inside the cell forming a vacuole.The vacuole
fuses with cell lysosomeswhich release digestive enzymes to destroy the pathogen. Once the
pathogen is destroyed, the contents are released from the cell.
18. Describe the function of eosinophils.
Answer: Eosinophils respond to allergic reactions and parasitic infections. As a granulocyte,
1. Which type of immune cell continues to produce a small amount of anti-body after the
infection is over:
Answer: Memory B cell
2. These are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus:
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Helper T cells
C. B cells
D. NK cells
E. A&BT cells originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus
F. C&D
Answer: E. A&B T cells originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus
3. These cells contain an antigen receptor as part of their cell coat:
Answer: T cells
4. What is FALSE concerning the MHC?
A. These are antibody receptors found on only certain types immune cells.
B. T cells recognize and destroy invading cells using the MHC.
C. It is genetically determined and unique to each person
D. Abnormal cells display a different MHC than healthy cells
Answer: A. These areantibody receptors found on only certain types immune cells.
5. Discuss how cell-mediated immunity defends the body against diseases. Give an example
of what type of cell uses this form of immunity in the body.
Answer: Tcells work through cell mediated immunity which locally releases contents such as
cytokines or enzymes to kill a pathogen or infected cell.
(Other examples could include phagocytosis by macrophages, monocytes, or neutrophils by
directly engulfing and killing a pathogen)
6. What are immunosuppressant drugs and why are they necessary?
Answer: Immunosuppressant drugs suppress the immune system. Suppressing the immune
system is necessary so that the body does not reject the organ transplant or tissuegraft. While
taking these immunosuppressant drugs the patient is more susceptibleto disease.
7. In Rheumatoid arthritis, immune cells attack the .
Answer: Synovial lining/joints
, 8. A patient is admitted to the ER with hives and difficulty breathing. What ismost likely
happening?
Answer: anaphylaxis due to an allergic reaction
9. Look at the patient in the picture below.This patient does not want furthermedical help.
Name two concerns you discuss with your patient if she does notcontinue treatment.
Answer: The patient is suffering from lymphedema. If left untreated, theleg will continue to
swell causing damage to the tissue and vessels that will cause reduced range of motion and
flexibility. It could also become infected.
10. Describe the structure of a lymph node
Answer: A lymph node is encapsulated in a fibrous connective tissue with many incoming and
fewer outgoing lymphatic vessels.Incoming vessels (afferent vessels) flow through a network
of sinuses that contain cells. The lymph then flows out of the lymph node through the efferent
vessel. Theinterior of the lymph node is divided into open spaces called nodules, containing
lymphocytes and macrophages.
11. Describe the location of the thymus gland
Answer: The thymus gland is located onanterior surface of the heart.
12. Describe the structure and function of the palatine tonsils
Answer: The palatine tonsils are a group of small lymphoid organs in the lateral, posterior
portions of thethroat. The tonsils gather and destroy bacteria inhaled in air or food.
13. Name the 2 main groups of cytokines and what produces them
Answer: Interferonsand interleukins are produced by immune cells including macrophages, T
cells, B cells, and fibroblasts.
14. Describe the function of interferons
Answer: Interferons inhibit viral replication andassist in activating natural killer cells.
15. Describe the function of interleukins
Answer: Interleukins function as chemical activators and signals in the body to increase the
immune response. Subtypes functionto activate different types of immune cells.
16. Describe the function of the interleukin pyrogen.
Answer: Pyrogens reset the body'sthermostat in the hypothalamus. The temperature set-point
during homeostasis (normal body temperature) is raised to create a fever.
17. What are the steps of phagocytosis?
Answer: A cell, such as a neutrophil, recognizesa pathogen by its cell surface receptors. The
neutrophil then binds to the pathogenand brings it inside the cell forming a vacuole.The vacuole
fuses with cell lysosomeswhich release digestive enzymes to destroy the pathogen. Once the
pathogen is destroyed, the contents are released from the cell.
18. Describe the function of eosinophils.
Answer: Eosinophils respond to allergic reactions and parasitic infections. As a granulocyte,
