BIOST 310 TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
statistics - ANSWER the science of variability and uncertainty
research involving _________al data analysis requires data
can be thought of as an area of applied math, which combines mathematical formalisms
with concepts about variability and its sources and patterns into tools that allow us to
understand, reason, and communicate clearly about the particular patterns of variability
that characterize groups or populations of interest; some of these tools also allow us to
explicitly quantify our certainty or uncertainty surrounding such variability
research design/sampling strategy - ANSWER theory and practice for data collection
and management
descriptive statistics - ANSWER ways of insightfully, efficiently communicating about
broad patterns of variability in particular data sets
probability theory - ANSWER formally, systematically describes patterns of variability in
populations or that emerge when random processes give rise to variability in a large
number of random outcomes
can also be used to formally, systematically describe uncertainties we have about
unknown or imperfectly known things in our work
inferential statistics - ANSWER draws on probability theory in a way that allows us to
make educated guesses about patterns of variability in populations of interest based on
patterns of variability we have described for limited data sets
biostatistics - ANSWER the application of statistical principles in medicine, public
health, and biology
places a special focus on:
·statistical characterization of the extent of disease in clearly defined groups or
populations, including how this varies according to sex, age, race/ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, neighborhood and home environments, and so on
·statistical characterization of how the extent of disease develops, changes, or evolves
over time
·the identification of risk factors that appear to influence the emergence or development
of disease
·identification of whether and how effective new therapies and policy interventions are
in treating illness, reducing social disparities in health adversities, and so on.
, Identification of side effects of standards of care, e.g. commonly prescribed drugs or
treatments for particular health conditions
What are each of biostatistics' five foci all about? - ANSWER Characterizing extent of
disease within clearly defined groups or populations
Characterizing the dynamics of disease over time
- w/in individuals
- how extent changes over time
Identifying risk factors of disease
Determining effectiveness of new therapies, policy interventions, etc.
Clearing up contradictory claims about health & its determinants
data - ANSWER reflect populations
plural of "datum"
a set of facts that are given
____ sets can take many forms, but the most basic is the ____ table or matrix
What are some common reasons data do not include every member of our populations
of interest? - ANSWER A major obstacle is that we can't always (or even often) observe
the characteristics of every member of the target population, e.g. the health status, age,
health behaviors, neighborhood context, etc.
·Could be intrusive
·Could be expensive in terms of investigators' time, material costs for lab or fieldwork
supplies, etc.
sampling - ANSWER gaining information about the whole by examining only a part
What do we call a dataset if it does include or at least try to include every member of the
target population? - ANSWER ideal match
target population - ANSWER population of interest
usually groups with identities we know very well (geographic/temporal boundaries,
specific timeframe, occupations, gender, race, socio-economics)
understand patterns of variabilitythe entire group of individuals about which we want
information
source population - ANSWER ideally the same as the target population
group where we get our data from
statistics - ANSWER the science of variability and uncertainty
research involving _________al data analysis requires data
can be thought of as an area of applied math, which combines mathematical formalisms
with concepts about variability and its sources and patterns into tools that allow us to
understand, reason, and communicate clearly about the particular patterns of variability
that characterize groups or populations of interest; some of these tools also allow us to
explicitly quantify our certainty or uncertainty surrounding such variability
research design/sampling strategy - ANSWER theory and practice for data collection
and management
descriptive statistics - ANSWER ways of insightfully, efficiently communicating about
broad patterns of variability in particular data sets
probability theory - ANSWER formally, systematically describes patterns of variability in
populations or that emerge when random processes give rise to variability in a large
number of random outcomes
can also be used to formally, systematically describe uncertainties we have about
unknown or imperfectly known things in our work
inferential statistics - ANSWER draws on probability theory in a way that allows us to
make educated guesses about patterns of variability in populations of interest based on
patterns of variability we have described for limited data sets
biostatistics - ANSWER the application of statistical principles in medicine, public
health, and biology
places a special focus on:
·statistical characterization of the extent of disease in clearly defined groups or
populations, including how this varies according to sex, age, race/ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, neighborhood and home environments, and so on
·statistical characterization of how the extent of disease develops, changes, or evolves
over time
·the identification of risk factors that appear to influence the emergence or development
of disease
·identification of whether and how effective new therapies and policy interventions are
in treating illness, reducing social disparities in health adversities, and so on.
, Identification of side effects of standards of care, e.g. commonly prescribed drugs or
treatments for particular health conditions
What are each of biostatistics' five foci all about? - ANSWER Characterizing extent of
disease within clearly defined groups or populations
Characterizing the dynamics of disease over time
- w/in individuals
- how extent changes over time
Identifying risk factors of disease
Determining effectiveness of new therapies, policy interventions, etc.
Clearing up contradictory claims about health & its determinants
data - ANSWER reflect populations
plural of "datum"
a set of facts that are given
____ sets can take many forms, but the most basic is the ____ table or matrix
What are some common reasons data do not include every member of our populations
of interest? - ANSWER A major obstacle is that we can't always (or even often) observe
the characteristics of every member of the target population, e.g. the health status, age,
health behaviors, neighborhood context, etc.
·Could be intrusive
·Could be expensive in terms of investigators' time, material costs for lab or fieldwork
supplies, etc.
sampling - ANSWER gaining information about the whole by examining only a part
What do we call a dataset if it does include or at least try to include every member of the
target population? - ANSWER ideal match
target population - ANSWER population of interest
usually groups with identities we know very well (geographic/temporal boundaries,
specific timeframe, occupations, gender, race, socio-economics)
understand patterns of variabilitythe entire group of individuals about which we want
information
source population - ANSWER ideally the same as the target population
group where we get our data from
