1
NUR
NUR 257 / NUR257 E XAM 1: (LATEST
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) CONCEPTS OF
AGING & CHRONIC ILLNESS REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A|
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)-
GALEN
The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of
autoimmune disorders?
Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months
Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause
Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
Absence of a triggering event - ANS ✓Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable
etiology
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is positive for human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse notes that the client is classified as HIV
asymptomatic based on which CD4+ T lymphocyte count?
Between 200 to 350/mm3
Less than 200/mm3
Greater than 500/mm3
Between 350 to 499/mm3 - ANS ✓Greater than 500/mm3
The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of AIDS. In the
morning, the client tells the nurse that he experienced night sweats and recently "coughed up
some blood." What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
Place the client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
Perform oral suctioning to reduce the client's risk for aspiration.
Review the client's most recent viral load and CD4+ count.
Assess the client for additional signs and symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma. - ANS ✓Place the
client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
A client is diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD). For which
additional conditions will the nurse assess this client? Select all that apply.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
NUR 257
, 2
NUR
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thyroid disease
Myasthenia gravis - ANS ✓Thyroid disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
When describing the effects of treatment for phagocytic cell disorders, which of the following
would the nurse include as being the most successful?
Use of granulocyte transfusions
Gene therapy
Antibiotic therapy
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - ANS ✓Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The client's
CD4+ cell count is 200/mm³, and the client has been diagnosed with pneumocystis
pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse?
The client's CD4+ cell count has decreased due to the pneumocystis pneumonia.
The client has advanced HIV infection.
The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS.
The client has another infection present that is causing a decrease in the CD4+ cell count. -
ANS ✓The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS
A client's antibody test for HIV showed no antibodies. For which reason would the client
need to have a nucleic acid test completed before being told that testing for HIV is negative?
The client engages in high risk behavior
Two tests need to be done for every client
The antibody test for HIV is not sensitive
The client may be in stage 0 of the disease - ANS ✓The client may be in stage 0 of the
disease
Which condition is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy?
Headache
Vacant stare
Hallucinations
Hyperreflexia - ANS ✓Headache
Which microorganism is known to cause retinitis in people with HIV/AIDS?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cytomegalovirus
Pneumocystis carinii
Mycobacterium avium - ANS ✓Cytomegalovirus
A client with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a day. What medication
may help this client with controlling the chronic diarrhea?
Rifaximin
Octreotide
NUR 257
, 3
NUR
Atropine diphenoxylate
Bismuth subsalicylate - ANS ✓Octreotide
When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?
In utero
Through casual contact
Through breastfeeding
After exposure during delivery - ANS ✓After exposure during delivery
A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and arrives in the clinic
requesting HIV testing. Results determine a negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral
load. What stage does the nurse determine the patient is in?
Latent infection
Tertiary infection
Secondary infection
Primary infection - ANS ✓Primary infection
A home health nurse will soon begin administering IVIG to a new client on a regular basis.
What teaching should the nurse provide to the client?
Technique for managing and monitoring daily fluid intake
Expected benefits and outcomes of the treatment
The need for a sterile home environment
Complementary alternatives to IVIG - ANS ✓Expected benefits and outcomes of the
treatment
A client with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, a deficiency of complement proteins, reports
headache and weakness of the right arm and leg. Based on these symptoms, for which health
complication should the nurse assess?
Edema in subcutaneous tissues of the extremities
Bacterial meningitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cerebral venous thrombosis - ANS ✓Cerebral venous thrombosis
A nurse is teaching a client with immunodeficiency about the signs and symptoms of
infection to report. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client
makes which statement?
"Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."
"A dry cough is just irritation, but one with mucous means an infection."
"I might notice a swollen lymph node or two, but this is normal."
"A fever over 101 degrees is the most common sign of infection." - ANS ✓"Any change,
however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. What would the
nurse need to emphasize? Select all that apply.
Prophylactic medication regimens
Signs and symptoms of bleeding
NUR 257
, 4
NUR
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
Need to interrupt therapy for short periods
Ways to manage stress - ANS ✓Prophylactic medication regimens
Ways to manage stress
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
A client on antiretroviral drug therapy informs the nurse about sometimes forgetting to take
the medication for a few days. What should the nurse inform the client can occur when the
medications are not taken as prescribed?
The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications.
The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance.
The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking the meds correctly.
The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure. - ANS ✓The client
is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure.
A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I have another vaginal
infection and I also have some wart-like lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often."
Which nursing action is the priority for this client?
Provide a prescribed topical antifungal agent to treat the client's vaginal infection.
Offer information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing.
Refer the client to a support group with others experiencing the same symptoms.
Recommend abstinence or safer-sex practices. - ANS ✓Offer information on human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing.
A patient is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. What
does the nurse know would be an adequate CD4 count to determine the effectiveness of
treatment for a patient per year?
10 mm3 to 20 mm3
20 mm3 to 45 mm3
50 mm3 to 150 mm3
1 mm3 to 10 mm3 - ANS ✓50 mm3 to 150 mm3
A client with ataxia-telangiectasia approaches the nurse with many questions and concerns.
The client asks what the primary cause of death is for this disease. The nurse's best response
would be:
Overwhelming infection
Neurologic dysfunction
Acute renal failure
Chronic lung disease - ANS ✓Overwhelming infection
Which tests tell the physician what the viral load is in a client with HIV/AIDS? Select all that
apply.
p24 antigen test
ELISA test
T4/T8 ratio
Western blot
NUR 257
NUR
NUR 257 / NUR257 E XAM 1: (LATEST
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) CONCEPTS OF
AGING & CHRONIC ILLNESS REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A|
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)-
GALEN
The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of
autoimmune disorders?
Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months
Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause
Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
Absence of a triggering event - ANS ✓Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable
etiology
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is positive for human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse notes that the client is classified as HIV
asymptomatic based on which CD4+ T lymphocyte count?
Between 200 to 350/mm3
Less than 200/mm3
Greater than 500/mm3
Between 350 to 499/mm3 - ANS ✓Greater than 500/mm3
The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of AIDS. In the
morning, the client tells the nurse that he experienced night sweats and recently "coughed up
some blood." What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
Place the client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
Perform oral suctioning to reduce the client's risk for aspiration.
Review the client's most recent viral load and CD4+ count.
Assess the client for additional signs and symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma. - ANS ✓Place the
client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
A client is diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD). For which
additional conditions will the nurse assess this client? Select all that apply.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
NUR 257
, 2
NUR
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thyroid disease
Myasthenia gravis - ANS ✓Thyroid disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
When describing the effects of treatment for phagocytic cell disorders, which of the following
would the nurse include as being the most successful?
Use of granulocyte transfusions
Gene therapy
Antibiotic therapy
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - ANS ✓Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The client's
CD4+ cell count is 200/mm³, and the client has been diagnosed with pneumocystis
pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse?
The client's CD4+ cell count has decreased due to the pneumocystis pneumonia.
The client has advanced HIV infection.
The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS.
The client has another infection present that is causing a decrease in the CD4+ cell count. -
ANS ✓The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS
A client's antibody test for HIV showed no antibodies. For which reason would the client
need to have a nucleic acid test completed before being told that testing for HIV is negative?
The client engages in high risk behavior
Two tests need to be done for every client
The antibody test for HIV is not sensitive
The client may be in stage 0 of the disease - ANS ✓The client may be in stage 0 of the
disease
Which condition is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy?
Headache
Vacant stare
Hallucinations
Hyperreflexia - ANS ✓Headache
Which microorganism is known to cause retinitis in people with HIV/AIDS?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cytomegalovirus
Pneumocystis carinii
Mycobacterium avium - ANS ✓Cytomegalovirus
A client with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a day. What medication
may help this client with controlling the chronic diarrhea?
Rifaximin
Octreotide
NUR 257
, 3
NUR
Atropine diphenoxylate
Bismuth subsalicylate - ANS ✓Octreotide
When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?
In utero
Through casual contact
Through breastfeeding
After exposure during delivery - ANS ✓After exposure during delivery
A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and arrives in the clinic
requesting HIV testing. Results determine a negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral
load. What stage does the nurse determine the patient is in?
Latent infection
Tertiary infection
Secondary infection
Primary infection - ANS ✓Primary infection
A home health nurse will soon begin administering IVIG to a new client on a regular basis.
What teaching should the nurse provide to the client?
Technique for managing and monitoring daily fluid intake
Expected benefits and outcomes of the treatment
The need for a sterile home environment
Complementary alternatives to IVIG - ANS ✓Expected benefits and outcomes of the
treatment
A client with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, a deficiency of complement proteins, reports
headache and weakness of the right arm and leg. Based on these symptoms, for which health
complication should the nurse assess?
Edema in subcutaneous tissues of the extremities
Bacterial meningitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cerebral venous thrombosis - ANS ✓Cerebral venous thrombosis
A nurse is teaching a client with immunodeficiency about the signs and symptoms of
infection to report. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client
makes which statement?
"Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."
"A dry cough is just irritation, but one with mucous means an infection."
"I might notice a swollen lymph node or two, but this is normal."
"A fever over 101 degrees is the most common sign of infection." - ANS ✓"Any change,
however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. What would the
nurse need to emphasize? Select all that apply.
Prophylactic medication regimens
Signs and symptoms of bleeding
NUR 257
, 4
NUR
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
Need to interrupt therapy for short periods
Ways to manage stress - ANS ✓Prophylactic medication regimens
Ways to manage stress
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet
A client on antiretroviral drug therapy informs the nurse about sometimes forgetting to take
the medication for a few days. What should the nurse inform the client can occur when the
medications are not taken as prescribed?
The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications.
The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance.
The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking the meds correctly.
The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure. - ANS ✓The client
is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure.
A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I have another vaginal
infection and I also have some wart-like lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often."
Which nursing action is the priority for this client?
Provide a prescribed topical antifungal agent to treat the client's vaginal infection.
Offer information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing.
Refer the client to a support group with others experiencing the same symptoms.
Recommend abstinence or safer-sex practices. - ANS ✓Offer information on human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing.
A patient is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. What
does the nurse know would be an adequate CD4 count to determine the effectiveness of
treatment for a patient per year?
10 mm3 to 20 mm3
20 mm3 to 45 mm3
50 mm3 to 150 mm3
1 mm3 to 10 mm3 - ANS ✓50 mm3 to 150 mm3
A client with ataxia-telangiectasia approaches the nurse with many questions and concerns.
The client asks what the primary cause of death is for this disease. The nurse's best response
would be:
Overwhelming infection
Neurologic dysfunction
Acute renal failure
Chronic lung disease - ANS ✓Overwhelming infection
Which tests tell the physician what the viral load is in a client with HIV/AIDS? Select all that
apply.
p24 antigen test
ELISA test
T4/T8 ratio
Western blot
NUR 257
