Psych 104 test bank questions with
complete answers
To explain a wide range of observations, a psychologist might make mention to a -
Answer-scientific theory
If a psychologist were to develop a theory of cognitive development, he or she would
want
his or her theory to explain a ________ observations. - Answer-substantial number
of
scientific theory is considered _____ if it explains a ________ number of
observations. - Answer-useful; large
According to the authors, a skeptic is someone who is - Answer-considering the
available evidence carefully
Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a
competing theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the
data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the
evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of - Answer-scientific
skepticism.
Scientific skepticism demands that we ______ evidence that another theory is
______ - Answer-accept; superior
__________ refers to a tendency to dismiss claims that contradict our beliefs and
view them with cynicism or close-mindedness - Answer-Pathological skepticism
Francess does not believe that victims may not be 100% accurate when identifying
the perpetrator of a crime, and dismisses any study that supports the malleability of
memory as being poorly conducted or misleading. In this example, Francess is
engaging in - Answer-disconfirmation bias.
________ refers to the premise that we should keep an open mind about research,
but not to the point that we believe in virtually everything - Answer-obergs dictum
skeptic is one who - Answer-accepts claims on the basis of supportive scientific
evidence.
Someone who accepts claims on the basis of supportive scientific evidence is a -
Answer-skeptic
Thinking skeptically requires that one rely on - Answer-objective evidence
Imagine that a researcher conducts a study in which the participants are either
strongly for or strongly against allowing openly gay soldiers to serve in the military.
The researcher presents participants with a policy that is supposedly endorsed by an
, authority with views similar to his or her own. What are the results of such a study
likely to indicate? - Answer-Participants are most likely to be convinced by a policy
that is similar to their own ideas.
Critical thinking should involve - Answer-a set of skills for evaluating claims in an
open-minded and careful manner.
Suppose Dr. Honeydew is proposing a theory of attraction that posits that "Opposites
Attract." Most of the available evidence suggests that "Birds of a Feather Flock
Together" (i.e., similarities attract) rather than opposites attract. For his theory to be
accepted by the scientific community, Dr. Honeydew will need to - Answer-supply
extraordinary evidence to support his extraordinary claim.
A great amount of evidence is needed to support a claim that is - Answer-
extraordinary
Which philosopher proposed that extraordinary claims required more evidence to
support than usual? - Answer-hume
Hume is to "extraordinary claims" as _______ was to parsimony - Answer-Occam
All of the following are the key principles of critical thinking used throughout your text
EXCEPT
A) Oberg's dictum.
B) falsifiability.
C) ruling out rival hypotheses.
D) replicability. - Answer-A) Oberg's dictum.
Dr. Cunningham finds that people who take herbal supplements that profess to
improve memory scored, on average, 15% higher on a memory test relative to
groups who did not take herbal supplements or placebos. However, other
researchers have tried to study this effect and have not duplicated his findings. What
principle of critical thinking does this example demonstrate the importance of? -
Answer-replicability
Dr. Martian claimed that aliens are real and have been performing mind experiments
on humans for years. Which of the following principles of critical thinking is MOST
applicable to his claim? - Answer-extraordinary claims
Dr. Siela claimed that all humans had invisible souls that guided their behaviour.
Which of the following principles of critical thinking is MOST applicable to his claim? -
Answer-falsifiability
Dr. Asocate has found a relationship between foot size and criminal behaviour, and
concludes that larger feet causes criminal behaviour. Which of the following
principles of critical thinking is MOST applicable to his claim? - Answer-Correlation
versus causation
complete answers
To explain a wide range of observations, a psychologist might make mention to a -
Answer-scientific theory
If a psychologist were to develop a theory of cognitive development, he or she would
want
his or her theory to explain a ________ observations. - Answer-substantial number
of
scientific theory is considered _____ if it explains a ________ number of
observations. - Answer-useful; large
According to the authors, a skeptic is someone who is - Answer-considering the
available evidence carefully
Dr. Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a
competing theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the
data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the
evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of - Answer-scientific
skepticism.
Scientific skepticism demands that we ______ evidence that another theory is
______ - Answer-accept; superior
__________ refers to a tendency to dismiss claims that contradict our beliefs and
view them with cynicism or close-mindedness - Answer-Pathological skepticism
Francess does not believe that victims may not be 100% accurate when identifying
the perpetrator of a crime, and dismisses any study that supports the malleability of
memory as being poorly conducted or misleading. In this example, Francess is
engaging in - Answer-disconfirmation bias.
________ refers to the premise that we should keep an open mind about research,
but not to the point that we believe in virtually everything - Answer-obergs dictum
skeptic is one who - Answer-accepts claims on the basis of supportive scientific
evidence.
Someone who accepts claims on the basis of supportive scientific evidence is a -
Answer-skeptic
Thinking skeptically requires that one rely on - Answer-objective evidence
Imagine that a researcher conducts a study in which the participants are either
strongly for or strongly against allowing openly gay soldiers to serve in the military.
The researcher presents participants with a policy that is supposedly endorsed by an
, authority with views similar to his or her own. What are the results of such a study
likely to indicate? - Answer-Participants are most likely to be convinced by a policy
that is similar to their own ideas.
Critical thinking should involve - Answer-a set of skills for evaluating claims in an
open-minded and careful manner.
Suppose Dr. Honeydew is proposing a theory of attraction that posits that "Opposites
Attract." Most of the available evidence suggests that "Birds of a Feather Flock
Together" (i.e., similarities attract) rather than opposites attract. For his theory to be
accepted by the scientific community, Dr. Honeydew will need to - Answer-supply
extraordinary evidence to support his extraordinary claim.
A great amount of evidence is needed to support a claim that is - Answer-
extraordinary
Which philosopher proposed that extraordinary claims required more evidence to
support than usual? - Answer-hume
Hume is to "extraordinary claims" as _______ was to parsimony - Answer-Occam
All of the following are the key principles of critical thinking used throughout your text
EXCEPT
A) Oberg's dictum.
B) falsifiability.
C) ruling out rival hypotheses.
D) replicability. - Answer-A) Oberg's dictum.
Dr. Cunningham finds that people who take herbal supplements that profess to
improve memory scored, on average, 15% higher on a memory test relative to
groups who did not take herbal supplements or placebos. However, other
researchers have tried to study this effect and have not duplicated his findings. What
principle of critical thinking does this example demonstrate the importance of? -
Answer-replicability
Dr. Martian claimed that aliens are real and have been performing mind experiments
on humans for years. Which of the following principles of critical thinking is MOST
applicable to his claim? - Answer-extraordinary claims
Dr. Siela claimed that all humans had invisible souls that guided their behaviour.
Which of the following principles of critical thinking is MOST applicable to his claim? -
Answer-falsifiability
Dr. Asocate has found a relationship between foot size and criminal behaviour, and
concludes that larger feet causes criminal behaviour. Which of the following
principles of critical thinking is MOST applicable to his claim? - Answer-Correlation
versus causation
