Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3
Questions and Answers study guide 2025
_____ are synergists that immobilize a bone or muscles origin. - ansfixators
_____ muscles are contained within the region that is moved by their contraction. - ansintrinsic
______ and ______ are absent in smooth muscle - ansT tubules and sarcomeres
______ are the bundles of myocytes surounded by the perimysium membrane - ansfascicles
______ fromt he skin of poisonous frogs in central america blocks the action of ACh by preventing it from
binding to its sarcolemma receptor, which causes ____________. - ansCurare,
flaccid paralysis with no loss of consciousness
______ muscles move body parts outside the region where they are found. - ansextrinsic
________ of motor neurons are in the brainstem or spinal cord. - anscell bodies
________ of these neurons travel in nerves to muscle cells. - ansaxons
_________ is a spastic rigid paralysis caused by a toxin produced by clostridium bacteria. - anstetanus (lockjaw)
_________ is SR takes Ca2+ ions up out of the sarcoplasm back into the SR and requires ATP in muscle
relaxation. - ansCa2+ ATPase
_________ of SR form perpendicular cross channgels. - anspaired terminal cisternae
,__________ is the linkage of the sarcoplasmic electrical signal to the contraction - ansExcitiation-contraction
coupling
"power stroke" is related to the __________ model of contraction. - anssliding filament
a rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or fixed point is called _____. - anslever.
A segemented sheath of ______ surrounds axons in the PNS. - ansSchwann cells
A single EPSP is a _________ and use only _______ channels. - anssub-threshold stimulus
chemically-gated
acetlychline is synthesized and enclosed in ____. - anssynaptic vesicles
Arrangement of Fascicles: circular - ansfasicles are arranged in concentric rings (orbicularis oris)
Arrangement of Fascicles: convergent - ansfascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion
(pec)
Arrangement of Fascicles: Fusiform - ansspindle-shaped muscles (biceps)
Arrangement of Fascicles: parallel - ansfascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle
Arrangement of Fascicles: Pennate - ansshort fasicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the
length of the muscle. (rectus formis)
As soonas available stores of ATP are hydrolyzed the are regenerated by: (1)(2)(3) - ans1.) the transfer of a high
energy phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP
, 2.) anaerobic glycolysis (glucose is fuel)
3.) Anaerobic respiration (glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids plus oxygen)
axons gerenerate and transmit ______. - ansaction potential
Axons of motor neurons branch profusely as they enter muscles. Each axonal branch forms a _________ with a
single myocyte. - ansneuromuscular junction
Between K+ and Na+, the plasma membrane is more permeable to ______. - ansk+ (more leaks out)
little Na+ leaks in.
Calcium binding to troponin moves _____________ so that the myosin binding sites of F-actin are ___________
and muscle _________ occurs. - anstropomyosin
exposed
contraction
Cardiac and smooth muscle myoblasts do no fuse but develop _________ at an early embryonic stage - ansgap
junctions
Cardiac muscle contracts at a rate set by the heart's ________. - anspacemaker
chemical synapses are specialized for the release and reception of _____________. - ansneurotransmitters
Contractility - ansactive shortening of muscle cell and generation of tension (force)
Contraction ends when... - ansthe cross bridges become inactive, the tension declines, and relaxation is
induced.
Questions and Answers study guide 2025
_____ are synergists that immobilize a bone or muscles origin. - ansfixators
_____ muscles are contained within the region that is moved by their contraction. - ansintrinsic
______ and ______ are absent in smooth muscle - ansT tubules and sarcomeres
______ are the bundles of myocytes surounded by the perimysium membrane - ansfascicles
______ fromt he skin of poisonous frogs in central america blocks the action of ACh by preventing it from
binding to its sarcolemma receptor, which causes ____________. - ansCurare,
flaccid paralysis with no loss of consciousness
______ muscles move body parts outside the region where they are found. - ansextrinsic
________ of motor neurons are in the brainstem or spinal cord. - anscell bodies
________ of these neurons travel in nerves to muscle cells. - ansaxons
_________ is a spastic rigid paralysis caused by a toxin produced by clostridium bacteria. - anstetanus (lockjaw)
_________ is SR takes Ca2+ ions up out of the sarcoplasm back into the SR and requires ATP in muscle
relaxation. - ansCa2+ ATPase
_________ of SR form perpendicular cross channgels. - anspaired terminal cisternae
,__________ is the linkage of the sarcoplasmic electrical signal to the contraction - ansExcitiation-contraction
coupling
"power stroke" is related to the __________ model of contraction. - anssliding filament
a rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or fixed point is called _____. - anslever.
A segemented sheath of ______ surrounds axons in the PNS. - ansSchwann cells
A single EPSP is a _________ and use only _______ channels. - anssub-threshold stimulus
chemically-gated
acetlychline is synthesized and enclosed in ____. - anssynaptic vesicles
Arrangement of Fascicles: circular - ansfasicles are arranged in concentric rings (orbicularis oris)
Arrangement of Fascicles: convergent - ansfascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion
(pec)
Arrangement of Fascicles: Fusiform - ansspindle-shaped muscles (biceps)
Arrangement of Fascicles: parallel - ansfascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle
Arrangement of Fascicles: Pennate - ansshort fasicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the
length of the muscle. (rectus formis)
As soonas available stores of ATP are hydrolyzed the are regenerated by: (1)(2)(3) - ans1.) the transfer of a high
energy phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP
, 2.) anaerobic glycolysis (glucose is fuel)
3.) Anaerobic respiration (glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids plus oxygen)
axons gerenerate and transmit ______. - ansaction potential
Axons of motor neurons branch profusely as they enter muscles. Each axonal branch forms a _________ with a
single myocyte. - ansneuromuscular junction
Between K+ and Na+, the plasma membrane is more permeable to ______. - ansk+ (more leaks out)
little Na+ leaks in.
Calcium binding to troponin moves _____________ so that the myosin binding sites of F-actin are ___________
and muscle _________ occurs. - anstropomyosin
exposed
contraction
Cardiac and smooth muscle myoblasts do no fuse but develop _________ at an early embryonic stage - ansgap
junctions
Cardiac muscle contracts at a rate set by the heart's ________. - anspacemaker
chemical synapses are specialized for the release and reception of _____________. - ansneurotransmitters
Contractility - ansactive shortening of muscle cell and generation of tension (force)
Contraction ends when... - ansthe cross bridges become inactive, the tension declines, and relaxation is
induced.
