DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY MIDYEAR EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
3 aspects socioemotional development middle childhood - peer relations, family relations, moral
development
overview peer relations middle childhood - increasingly oriented toward peers & base friendships on
similarities & start associating with set of friends
when relational aggression increases (especially for girls) - around 3rd grade
how various researchers investigated peer acceptance - have vote for classmates like/admire most
(typically based on sociometric system by Moreno (1934))
fraction of elementary school students fitting Moreno (1934) categories (coie, dodge & coppotelli
(1982) - 2/3
category for children who don't fit in Moreno (1934) classifications - average
4 peer statuses Moreno (1934) - popular, rejected, neglected, controversial
peer status of children who receive most positive votes; well-liked and socially-skilled - popular
2 types popular children - antisocial, prosocial
type of popular children who engage in relational aggression (gossip, humiliation) to cement
popularity - antisocial
type of popular children who are often very socially skilled, good listeners, and communicators
without relational aggression - prosocial
peer status of children who are actively disliked - rejected
, overview rejected children - may show aggressive tendencies, less socially skilled than
popular/average
risks rejected children over other groups - drug use, aggression, delinquency
nuance rejected children - some invite negative attention (hyperactive/aggressive behaviors), others
shy/unskilled socially
do all rejected children show future problems? - no
peer status of children largely ignored by peers - neglected
overview neglected children - not as aggressive as rejected, less sociable than popular/average but
fairly socially skilled, more withdrawn
do neglected children tend to show poor outcomes like rejected children? - no (similar to average)
do neglected children report feeling unhappy while keeping to themselves? - no
peer status of children who receive both positive and negative votes - controversial
overview controversial children - may show high social skills popular children but equally/more
aggressive than rejected children
3 typical descriptions controversial children - bullies, class clown, rebels
how are outcomes for controversial children? - mixed
complex problem that includes immediate consequences and long-term effects for family involved -
divorce
3 immediate consequences divorce - sharp drop income, increased family conflict, changes parenting
styles
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
3 aspects socioemotional development middle childhood - peer relations, family relations, moral
development
overview peer relations middle childhood - increasingly oriented toward peers & base friendships on
similarities & start associating with set of friends
when relational aggression increases (especially for girls) - around 3rd grade
how various researchers investigated peer acceptance - have vote for classmates like/admire most
(typically based on sociometric system by Moreno (1934))
fraction of elementary school students fitting Moreno (1934) categories (coie, dodge & coppotelli
(1982) - 2/3
category for children who don't fit in Moreno (1934) classifications - average
4 peer statuses Moreno (1934) - popular, rejected, neglected, controversial
peer status of children who receive most positive votes; well-liked and socially-skilled - popular
2 types popular children - antisocial, prosocial
type of popular children who engage in relational aggression (gossip, humiliation) to cement
popularity - antisocial
type of popular children who are often very socially skilled, good listeners, and communicators
without relational aggression - prosocial
peer status of children who are actively disliked - rejected
, overview rejected children - may show aggressive tendencies, less socially skilled than
popular/average
risks rejected children over other groups - drug use, aggression, delinquency
nuance rejected children - some invite negative attention (hyperactive/aggressive behaviors), others
shy/unskilled socially
do all rejected children show future problems? - no
peer status of children largely ignored by peers - neglected
overview neglected children - not as aggressive as rejected, less sociable than popular/average but
fairly socially skilled, more withdrawn
do neglected children tend to show poor outcomes like rejected children? - no (similar to average)
do neglected children report feeling unhappy while keeping to themselves? - no
peer status of children who receive both positive and negative votes - controversial
overview controversial children - may show high social skills popular children but equally/more
aggressive than rejected children
3 typical descriptions controversial children - bullies, class clown, rebels
how are outcomes for controversial children? - mixed
complex problem that includes immediate consequences and long-term effects for family involved -
divorce
3 immediate consequences divorce - sharp drop income, increased family conflict, changes parenting
styles
