1
NSG
NSG 3850 / NSG3850 EXAM 1: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
1. 2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?:
True
2. Where is the extracellular fluid?: - between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)
3. When ADH is low, urine volume is: high
4. When aldosterone is high, urine volume is: low
5. ADH is the "____ water" hormone.: free *causes kidneys to
reabsorb plain water
6. Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.: salt *causes
kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium
NSG 3850
, 2
NSG
7. BNP is synthesized and released from ventricular cells
when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES
abnormally, as in:: heart failure.
8. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________
in _________.: excretion, urine
9. Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone
makes a smaller volume of urine and ___________
extracellular fluid volume.: expands 10. Water moves in and
out of cells via:
Can electrolytes move freely across the cell
membrane?: osmosis No!
11. A gain of more water than salt is called:
*gain water: dilutional hyponatremia
12. A loss of more salt than water is called:
*lose salt: depletional hyponatremia
13. Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion
in urine?: Increases
NSG 3850
, 3
NSG
14. I have low ionized calcium levels after a massive or fast
blood transfusion or FFP because of:: citrate (preservative
in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
15. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with
hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:: low
levels of calcium
16. With low levels of extracellular Ca, voltage gated Na
channels are less stable. Making them more likely to open
up allowing them to depolarize more easily. This makes
neurons more:: excitable!
*which means tetany occurs
17. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with
hyperparathyroidism will have:: higher levels of calcium
18. The decreased neuromuscular excitability in
hypercalcemia is caused by:: elevation of threshold
potential of excitable cells.
19. Chronic alcoholism is a major risk factor for which
electrolyte imbalance?-
NSG 3850
NSG
NSG 3850 / NSG3850 EXAM 1: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
1. 2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?:
True
2. Where is the extracellular fluid?: - between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)
3. When ADH is low, urine volume is: high
4. When aldosterone is high, urine volume is: low
5. ADH is the "____ water" hormone.: free *causes kidneys to
reabsorb plain water
6. Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.: salt *causes
kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium
NSG 3850
, 2
NSG
7. BNP is synthesized and released from ventricular cells
when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES
abnormally, as in:: heart failure.
8. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________
in _________.: excretion, urine
9. Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone
makes a smaller volume of urine and ___________
extracellular fluid volume.: expands 10. Water moves in and
out of cells via:
Can electrolytes move freely across the cell
membrane?: osmosis No!
11. A gain of more water than salt is called:
*gain water: dilutional hyponatremia
12. A loss of more salt than water is called:
*lose salt: depletional hyponatremia
13. Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion
in urine?: Increases
NSG 3850
, 3
NSG
14. I have low ionized calcium levels after a massive or fast
blood transfusion or FFP because of:: citrate (preservative
in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
15. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with
hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:: low
levels of calcium
16. With low levels of extracellular Ca, voltage gated Na
channels are less stable. Making them more likely to open
up allowing them to depolarize more easily. This makes
neurons more:: excitable!
*which means tetany occurs
17. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with
hyperparathyroidism will have:: higher levels of calcium
18. The decreased neuromuscular excitability in
hypercalcemia is caused by:: elevation of threshold
potential of excitable cells.
19. Chronic alcoholism is a major risk factor for which
electrolyte imbalance?-
NSG 3850
