1
NSG
NSG 3850 / NSG3850 EXAM 4: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
What is the first choice for diagnosing acute cholecystitis?:
Ultrasound
Endoscope - down through duodenum, up common bile duct
to inject die and see if flowing correctly: Endoscopic
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Complications - perforation and hemorrhage
Precipitation of cholesterol from bile occurs at high
concentrations, predisposing to the formation of gallstones.
- This is why if you have a high fat diet, you could be: more
prone to gallstones. 14. Bile is produced by: hepatocytes in the
liver
NSG 3850
, 2
NSG
If bilirubin can't be excreted, what clinical manifestation will
be observed?: Jaundice
Acalculous cholecystitis: Acute inflammation of gallbladder in
the absence of gallstones
= occurs in critically ill patients and patients on TPN
consisting of the portal veins, hepatic arteries, and bile
ducts: portal triads
Any obstruction to the flow of blood may result in a rise in
portal venous pressure proximal to the level of blockage.
(with liver damage, the portal vein will start to back up):
Portal hypertension
Liver function: -Temporary storage of blood
-Removal of bilirubin from the bloodstream (HELLO JAUNDICE!!)
-Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) in certain disease states
(if kidney or bone marrow are not doing their jobs)
-Synthesis of blood clotting factors (Liver makes our clotting
factors - this is why liver disease patients are at risk for bleeding
disorders)
NSG 3850
, 3
NSG
Who gets ERCP: People who might be getting biopsy
Persistent irritation to gallbladder wall from cholelithiasis:
Chronic cholecystitis
a type of phagocytic macrophage - gobbling up toxins):
Kupffer cell
loss of hepatocellular function or disruption of blood
flow: General manifestations of liver disease
20. Manifestations of hepatocellular failure: jaundice (can't
break down the bilirubin), muscle wasting, ascites (increased
pressure in portal vein), excessive bleeding (impaired
synthesis of clotting factor), deficiencies of important blood
proteins (albumin) and vitamins (vitamin k), glucose
imbalance, and impaired hormone production 25. reduced
albumin in vascular space >> increased fluid in interstitial
space >>>: ascites
26. the green-yellow staining of tissues by bilirubin, is the
consequence of impaired bilirubin metabolism and is one
of the most characteristic signs of liver disease.: Jaundice
NSG 3850
NSG
NSG 3850 / NSG3850 EXAM 4: (NEW 2025/
2026 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY II REVIEW|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
What is the first choice for diagnosing acute cholecystitis?:
Ultrasound
Endoscope - down through duodenum, up common bile duct
to inject die and see if flowing correctly: Endoscopic
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Complications - perforation and hemorrhage
Precipitation of cholesterol from bile occurs at high
concentrations, predisposing to the formation of gallstones.
- This is why if you have a high fat diet, you could be: more
prone to gallstones. 14. Bile is produced by: hepatocytes in the
liver
NSG 3850
, 2
NSG
If bilirubin can't be excreted, what clinical manifestation will
be observed?: Jaundice
Acalculous cholecystitis: Acute inflammation of gallbladder in
the absence of gallstones
= occurs in critically ill patients and patients on TPN
consisting of the portal veins, hepatic arteries, and bile
ducts: portal triads
Any obstruction to the flow of blood may result in a rise in
portal venous pressure proximal to the level of blockage.
(with liver damage, the portal vein will start to back up):
Portal hypertension
Liver function: -Temporary storage of blood
-Removal of bilirubin from the bloodstream (HELLO JAUNDICE!!)
-Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) in certain disease states
(if kidney or bone marrow are not doing their jobs)
-Synthesis of blood clotting factors (Liver makes our clotting
factors - this is why liver disease patients are at risk for bleeding
disorders)
NSG 3850
, 3
NSG
Who gets ERCP: People who might be getting biopsy
Persistent irritation to gallbladder wall from cholelithiasis:
Chronic cholecystitis
a type of phagocytic macrophage - gobbling up toxins):
Kupffer cell
loss of hepatocellular function or disruption of blood
flow: General manifestations of liver disease
20. Manifestations of hepatocellular failure: jaundice (can't
break down the bilirubin), muscle wasting, ascites (increased
pressure in portal vein), excessive bleeding (impaired
synthesis of clotting factor), deficiencies of important blood
proteins (albumin) and vitamins (vitamin k), glucose
imbalance, and impaired hormone production 25. reduced
albumin in vascular space >> increased fluid in interstitial
space >>>: ascites
26. the green-yellow staining of tissues by bilirubin, is the
consequence of impaired bilirubin metabolism and is one
of the most characteristic signs of liver disease.: Jaundice
NSG 3850
