Human Nutrition Exam 1.docx

Human Nutrition Exam 1
Nutrients - ANS >> Compounds in food that sustain your body processes. 6 classes: carbohydrates,
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fats (lipids), proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
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kilo calories - ANS >> measurement of energy in foods (aka calories)
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metabolism - ANS >> the numerous reactions that occur within the cell. Calories in foods converted
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to energy in cells of the body
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macronutrients - ANS >> the energy- containing essential nutrients that you need in higher amts:
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carbs, lipids(fats), and proteins
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micronutrients - ANS >> essential nutrients that you need in smaller amts: vitamins and minerals
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reasons for food choices - ANS >> knowledge, trends, taste, nutrients, cost, culture, social, ads,
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Carbs (cals provided) - ANS >> 4 cals/ gram
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Protein (cals provided) - ANS >> 4 cals/gram
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fats (cals provided) - ANS >> 9 cals/gram
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enzymes - ANS >> substances that speed up chemical reactions in your body
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vitamins - ANS >> organic compounds that usually have to be obtained from your foods. Body can
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minerals - ANS >> inorganic substances that play a role in body processes and are key to the
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structure of some tissues
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What is water's role in the body? - ANS >> helps chemical reactions take place, bathes outside of
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cells , maintains body temp, acts as lubricant, cushions organs
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Trends in American's Diet - ANS >> 1. too much added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat
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2. eating out
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3. too little fiber and vitamins/minerals
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4. skipping breakfast
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5. obesity
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6. malnourished
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, Credible Sources of advice - ANS >> 1. authoritative health organization/committee
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2. peer reviewed journal
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3. registered dietitian nutritionist(RDN)
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4. public health nutritionists
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5. licensed dietitian nutritionist(LDN)
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6. .gov/.edu websites w/ facts & references
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laboratory experiment - ANS >> done in the confines of a lab
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observational research - ANS >> involves looking at factors in 2+ groups of subjects to see if there is a
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relationship to a certain disease or health outcome
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epidemiological research - ANS >> looks at populations of ppl D D D D D D D D D




experimental research - ANS >> involves at least 2 groups of subjects: experimental group & control
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group
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double-blind, placebo-controlled study - ANS >> When the scientists and subjects in a research
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experiment can't distinguish between the treatments given to the subjects and don't know which
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group of subjects received which treatment.
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Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs) - ANS >> Reference Values for the essential nutrients needed to
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maintain good health, to prevent chronic diseases, and to avoid unhealthy excesses
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Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - ANS >> the avg amt of a nutrient that is known to meet the
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needs of 50% of the individuals in a similar group by age/sex
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Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA) - ANS >> the avg amt of a nutrient that meets the needs of
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97-98% of individuals of similar group by age/sex
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Adequate Intake (AI) - ANS >> the approximate amt of a nutrient that groups of similar individuals
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are consuming to maintain good health
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Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - ANS >> the highest amt of a nutrient that can be consumed daily
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w/o harm in individuals of a similar group by age and sex
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) - ANS >> a healthy range of intakes for energy-
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containing nutrients in your diet, designed to meet your nutrient needs & help reduce the risk of
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Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - ANS >> the amt of daily energy needed to maintain a healthy
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body weight and meet energy (calorie) needs based on age, sex, height, weight, and activity level.
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specific to YOUR energy needs
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