PH 150B FINAL TEST WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Standard Exposure Equation (inhalation) - ANSWER (Concentration x Inhalation Rate x
Exposure factor)/BW
Concentration-micrograms/m^3
IR- m^3/day
EF-unitless (have to calculate before can get exposure)
BW=body weight in kg
Exposure factor (Need for standard exposure equation) - ANSWER ((hours per day/24
hours) x (days/week) x (weeks/year) x (years)) / (years) x (365 days/year))
scientizing policy - ANSWER scientists ifluencing policy by selectively presenting or
distorting findings
effect of water turbiditiy on bacterial growth - ANSWER water turbidity protect microbes
from solar and chem sanitation
Dose - ANSWER ammount of a chemical or physical agent that comes into contact with
living orgs mg/kg/day
A dose response relationship - ANSWER relation between exposure and the spectrum of
health effects caused by that chemical
used to assess causal effect of a suspected exposure upon a health outcome
absorbed dose refers to ammount acutally absorbed from the exposure dose
ED50 vs. TD50 vs LD50
Therapeutic Index
Margin of Safety - ANSWER ED50: effective dose for 50% of pop
TD50: the dose thats toxic for 50 % of pop
LD50: lethal dose for 50% of pop
TI: LD50/ED50 for animals or TD50/ED50 for humans used to compare effective dose to
toxic dose
MOS: ratio of dose that is just within lethal range to the dose that is 99% effective=
LD01/ED99
A friend tells you that running cold water for 1-2 minutes before consuming drinking
,water from the tap will reduce your exposure to lead. This statement is: T or F
boiling water removes the lead Tor F - ANSWER True
False
Lead was added to gasoline in the because it was a cheap additive that increased
engine efficiency - ANSWER 1920s
CDC level of concern for blood in children
Routes of lead exposure and most common route - ANSWER 5 micrograms/L
ingestion inhalation dermal, ingestion is most common
a. xenobiotic
b. toxicant
c. toxin
d. toxic material - ANSWER a. chemical foreign to organism/bio system
b. human made toxin
c. prod by animal bacteria or other organism
d.
factors influencing toxicity - ANSWER interactions bw chemicals, route of entry and
duration of exposure, individual sensitivity
waht 2 of the following scientists were important in the founding and development of
occupational health medicine? - ANSWER Ramazzini
Alice Hamilton
_______ is a crude measure of mortality when comparing toxicants in toxicological
studies. - ANSWER LD50
The maximum dose at which no adverse effects are seen is the - ANSWER NOAEL
Which of the following terms is used to describe the effect when a non-toxic chemical
causes another chemical to become more toxic? - ANSWER Potentiation
Who said "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits
something not to be poisonous," commonly shortened to "The dose makes the poison?"
- ANSWER Paracleus
For the dose response curve below, which of the following is the correct combinations
, of terms? - ANSWER LOAEL > NOAEL
19. A more toxic substance has an LD50 that is ___ the LD50 of a less toxic chemical -
ANSWER a. Lower than
A human-made compound that causes toxicity when a person is exposed is a
____________ - ANSWER a. Toxicant
21. In exposure assessments, questionnaires are more commonly used and more
accurate in assessing exposure than personal monitoring. - ANSWER b. False
22. Which of the following are routes of exposure?
a. Dermal
b. Ingestion
c. Inhalation
d. A and B only
e. A and C only
f. A, B, and C - ANSWER f
24. The conceptual model for exposure assessment includes the following elements (in
the correct order):
a. Source, dose of chemical, toxicity of chemical, mortality rates
b. Source, toxicity of chemical, dose of chemical, exposure pathway
c. Source, exposure pathway, uptake and dose, health effects
d. None of the above - ANSWER c
25. Which measure of exposure assessment is usually most accurate:
a. Questionnaires
b. Biomonitoring
c. Personal Air Monitoring
d. Area Air Monitoring - ANSWER b
Standard Exposure Equation (inhalation) - ANSWER (Concentration x Inhalation Rate x
Exposure factor)/BW
Concentration-micrograms/m^3
IR- m^3/day
EF-unitless (have to calculate before can get exposure)
BW=body weight in kg
Exposure factor (Need for standard exposure equation) - ANSWER ((hours per day/24
hours) x (days/week) x (weeks/year) x (years)) / (years) x (365 days/year))
scientizing policy - ANSWER scientists ifluencing policy by selectively presenting or
distorting findings
effect of water turbiditiy on bacterial growth - ANSWER water turbidity protect microbes
from solar and chem sanitation
Dose - ANSWER ammount of a chemical or physical agent that comes into contact with
living orgs mg/kg/day
A dose response relationship - ANSWER relation between exposure and the spectrum of
health effects caused by that chemical
used to assess causal effect of a suspected exposure upon a health outcome
absorbed dose refers to ammount acutally absorbed from the exposure dose
ED50 vs. TD50 vs LD50
Therapeutic Index
Margin of Safety - ANSWER ED50: effective dose for 50% of pop
TD50: the dose thats toxic for 50 % of pop
LD50: lethal dose for 50% of pop
TI: LD50/ED50 for animals or TD50/ED50 for humans used to compare effective dose to
toxic dose
MOS: ratio of dose that is just within lethal range to the dose that is 99% effective=
LD01/ED99
A friend tells you that running cold water for 1-2 minutes before consuming drinking
,water from the tap will reduce your exposure to lead. This statement is: T or F
boiling water removes the lead Tor F - ANSWER True
False
Lead was added to gasoline in the because it was a cheap additive that increased
engine efficiency - ANSWER 1920s
CDC level of concern for blood in children
Routes of lead exposure and most common route - ANSWER 5 micrograms/L
ingestion inhalation dermal, ingestion is most common
a. xenobiotic
b. toxicant
c. toxin
d. toxic material - ANSWER a. chemical foreign to organism/bio system
b. human made toxin
c. prod by animal bacteria or other organism
d.
factors influencing toxicity - ANSWER interactions bw chemicals, route of entry and
duration of exposure, individual sensitivity
waht 2 of the following scientists were important in the founding and development of
occupational health medicine? - ANSWER Ramazzini
Alice Hamilton
_______ is a crude measure of mortality when comparing toxicants in toxicological
studies. - ANSWER LD50
The maximum dose at which no adverse effects are seen is the - ANSWER NOAEL
Which of the following terms is used to describe the effect when a non-toxic chemical
causes another chemical to become more toxic? - ANSWER Potentiation
Who said "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits
something not to be poisonous," commonly shortened to "The dose makes the poison?"
- ANSWER Paracleus
For the dose response curve below, which of the following is the correct combinations
, of terms? - ANSWER LOAEL > NOAEL
19. A more toxic substance has an LD50 that is ___ the LD50 of a less toxic chemical -
ANSWER a. Lower than
A human-made compound that causes toxicity when a person is exposed is a
____________ - ANSWER a. Toxicant
21. In exposure assessments, questionnaires are more commonly used and more
accurate in assessing exposure than personal monitoring. - ANSWER b. False
22. Which of the following are routes of exposure?
a. Dermal
b. Ingestion
c. Inhalation
d. A and B only
e. A and C only
f. A, B, and C - ANSWER f
24. The conceptual model for exposure assessment includes the following elements (in
the correct order):
a. Source, dose of chemical, toxicity of chemical, mortality rates
b. Source, toxicity of chemical, dose of chemical, exposure pathway
c. Source, exposure pathway, uptake and dose, health effects
d. None of the above - ANSWER c
25. Which measure of exposure assessment is usually most accurate:
a. Questionnaires
b. Biomonitoring
c. Personal Air Monitoring
d. Area Air Monitoring - ANSWER b
