D115 OA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Conductive hearing loss involves the
inner ear
middle ear
5th cranial nerve
8th cranial nerve - Answers - middle ear and is usually the result of one of the following:
blockage of the ear canal, a hole in the ear drum, problems with three small bones in
the ear, or fluid in the space between the ear drum and cochlea
A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral intake,
decreased urine output, and a fever of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further
evaluation with a workup to include a blood culture, a urine culture, a spinal tap, and a
chest X-ray.
Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
dysfunctional chemotactic factor response
excess collectin and collectin like protein
relative deficiency of factor b
high levels of mannose - Answers - relative deficiency of factor B
12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and lower lip
swelling. The patient's parent reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over
several days. The patient does not have complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum
lab results show hyperactivation of three plasma protein systems. The APRN suspects
hereditary angioedema.
C1 esterase inhibitor
Plasminogen
Bradykinin
Hageman factor - Answers - C1 esterase inhibitor
angioedema - Answers - painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy to
animal dander, pollen, drugs, venom, food, or medication.
The parent of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome expresses concerns about the
child's recurrent respiratory tract infections to an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN). The infections have occurred regularly since birth.
What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Hyperthyroidism causes an increased risk of infection.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Short stature causes poor lung development.
Hypertonia causes airway restriction. - Answers - Gastroesophageal reflux disease
causes aspiration of thin fluids.
A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in
a primary care clinic for the first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a
major life change. Additional symptoms include weight gain, sedentary activity, and
,insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient with several exercises to reduce the
physiological effect of stress.
· It increases protein synthesis.
· It increases smooth muscle contraction.
· It decreases glucose uptake - Answers - It decreases glucose uptake
Turner syndrome - Answers - Single X chromosome. Short stature, wide spaced
nipples, sparse body hair, normal IQ. All females.
Klinefelter syndrome - Answers - Individuals w at least two X chromosomes and a Y
chromosome in each cell. XXY chromosome. Have male appearance, Usually sterile,
and half develop female like breasts. Testes are small, body hair sparse, voice is
somewhat high pitched, stature elevated, and moderate metal impairment may be
present.
Prader-Willi syndrome - Answers - Chromosome 15 long arm deletion. INHERITED
FROM THE FATHER with features that include short stature, hypotonia, small hands
and feet, obesity, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and hypogonadism
Angelman syndrome - Answers - Chromosome 15 long arm deletion.
INHERITED FROM MOTHER which is characterized by severe intellectual disability,
seizures, and an ataxic gait
A patient presents to the hospital complaining of blurred vision, muscle weaknesses,
impaired gait, and fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. The patient has a history of
smoking and vitamin D deficiency. Extensive diagnostic testing and a comprehensive
neurological assessment reveals a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Which pathological mechanism will support this diagnosis?
A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Demyelination caused by antibody and cell-mediated immunologic reaction of the
peripheral nerves
A defect in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction
Degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and the upper and lower motor neurons -
Answers - A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right eye. The child is
constantly crying and rubbing her eyes. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)
performs a complete ophthalmologic examination and orders several diagnostic tests.
Based on the findings, a diagnosis of retinoblastoma is confirmed.
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage the brain
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome 21 - Answers
- Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of cells
, A patient is seeing an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in an occupational
health setting. The patient has been referred by employee assistance for reckless and
self-destructive behaviors and a violent incident at work regarding a fellow employee.
The APRN suspects post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Which diagnostic cluster of PTSD is the patient exhibiting?
Arousal
Reexperiencing
Negative cognitions
Avoidance - Answers - Arousal
Multiple Sclerosis- is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central
nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that
covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the
rest of your body.
A 45-year-old male patient with altered testosterone levels needs treatment. An
advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is aware that three factors affect hormone
target cell responses when determining a treatment approach.
Which factor should be considered by the APRN?
Change of target cell sensitivity
Affinity of receptor for the hormones
Limited number of target cell receptors
Limited concentration of organs - Answers - Affinity of receptor for the hormones
A patient is being admitted to an ICU after a traumatic brain injury. During the first few
hours, the patient develops polydipsia, and his urinary catheter is draining large
volumes of dilute urine. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) runs some tests,
and the serum lab values show hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity.
Which diagnosis should the APRN identify for this patient?
Hyperpituitarism
Hypopituitarism
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Diabetes insipidus - Answers - Diabetes insipidus
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is performing an assessment on a
newborn in a nursery. The infant's head is atraumatic with an open, flat, and soft
anterior fontanel. The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light with normal light
reflex. Upon occlusion of the left nare, the infant startles, becomes irritable, and is
unable to breathe. The APRN is unable to pass a small catheter into the right nare.
What is the probable diagnosis?
Cleft palate
Choanal atresia
epstein pearls
Macroglossia - Answers - Choanal atresia
Conductive hearing loss involves the
inner ear
middle ear
5th cranial nerve
8th cranial nerve - Answers - middle ear and is usually the result of one of the following:
blockage of the ear canal, a hole in the ear drum, problems with three small bones in
the ear, or fluid in the space between the ear drum and cochlea
A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral intake,
decreased urine output, and a fever of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further
evaluation with a workup to include a blood culture, a urine culture, a spinal tap, and a
chest X-ray.
Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
dysfunctional chemotactic factor response
excess collectin and collectin like protein
relative deficiency of factor b
high levels of mannose - Answers - relative deficiency of factor B
12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and lower lip
swelling. The patient's parent reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over
several days. The patient does not have complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum
lab results show hyperactivation of three plasma protein systems. The APRN suspects
hereditary angioedema.
C1 esterase inhibitor
Plasminogen
Bradykinin
Hageman factor - Answers - C1 esterase inhibitor
angioedema - Answers - painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy to
animal dander, pollen, drugs, venom, food, or medication.
The parent of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome expresses concerns about the
child's recurrent respiratory tract infections to an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN). The infections have occurred regularly since birth.
What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Hyperthyroidism causes an increased risk of infection.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Short stature causes poor lung development.
Hypertonia causes airway restriction. - Answers - Gastroesophageal reflux disease
causes aspiration of thin fluids.
A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in
a primary care clinic for the first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a
major life change. Additional symptoms include weight gain, sedentary activity, and
,insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient with several exercises to reduce the
physiological effect of stress.
· It increases protein synthesis.
· It increases smooth muscle contraction.
· It decreases glucose uptake - Answers - It decreases glucose uptake
Turner syndrome - Answers - Single X chromosome. Short stature, wide spaced
nipples, sparse body hair, normal IQ. All females.
Klinefelter syndrome - Answers - Individuals w at least two X chromosomes and a Y
chromosome in each cell. XXY chromosome. Have male appearance, Usually sterile,
and half develop female like breasts. Testes are small, body hair sparse, voice is
somewhat high pitched, stature elevated, and moderate metal impairment may be
present.
Prader-Willi syndrome - Answers - Chromosome 15 long arm deletion. INHERITED
FROM THE FATHER with features that include short stature, hypotonia, small hands
and feet, obesity, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and hypogonadism
Angelman syndrome - Answers - Chromosome 15 long arm deletion.
INHERITED FROM MOTHER which is characterized by severe intellectual disability,
seizures, and an ataxic gait
A patient presents to the hospital complaining of blurred vision, muscle weaknesses,
impaired gait, and fatigue lasting more than 24 hours. The patient has a history of
smoking and vitamin D deficiency. Extensive diagnostic testing and a comprehensive
neurological assessment reveals a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Which pathological mechanism will support this diagnosis?
A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Demyelination caused by antibody and cell-mediated immunologic reaction of the
peripheral nerves
A defect in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction
Degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and the upper and lower motor neurons -
Answers - A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right eye. The child is
constantly crying and rubbing her eyes. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)
performs a complete ophthalmologic examination and orders several diagnostic tests.
Based on the findings, a diagnosis of retinoblastoma is confirmed.
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage the brain
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome 21 - Answers
- Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of cells
, A patient is seeing an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in an occupational
health setting. The patient has been referred by employee assistance for reckless and
self-destructive behaviors and a violent incident at work regarding a fellow employee.
The APRN suspects post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Which diagnostic cluster of PTSD is the patient exhibiting?
Arousal
Reexperiencing
Negative cognitions
Avoidance - Answers - Arousal
Multiple Sclerosis- is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central
nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that
covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the
rest of your body.
A 45-year-old male patient with altered testosterone levels needs treatment. An
advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is aware that three factors affect hormone
target cell responses when determining a treatment approach.
Which factor should be considered by the APRN?
Change of target cell sensitivity
Affinity of receptor for the hormones
Limited number of target cell receptors
Limited concentration of organs - Answers - Affinity of receptor for the hormones
A patient is being admitted to an ICU after a traumatic brain injury. During the first few
hours, the patient develops polydipsia, and his urinary catheter is draining large
volumes of dilute urine. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) runs some tests,
and the serum lab values show hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity.
Which diagnosis should the APRN identify for this patient?
Hyperpituitarism
Hypopituitarism
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Diabetes insipidus - Answers - Diabetes insipidus
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is performing an assessment on a
newborn in a nursery. The infant's head is atraumatic with an open, flat, and soft
anterior fontanel. The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light with normal light
reflex. Upon occlusion of the left nare, the infant startles, becomes irritable, and is
unable to breathe. The APRN is unable to pass a small catheter into the right nare.
What is the probable diagnosis?
Cleft palate
Choanal atresia
epstein pearls
Macroglossia - Answers - Choanal atresia
