BLD 324 EXAM STUDY GUIDE A+ GRADED
State the proper care and storage of commercial reagent strips and tablet tests -
ANSWER must be protected from moisture. chemicals. heat, and light
evidence of deterioration, contamination, or improper storage should be discarded
tight-fitting lid
fumes from volatile chemicals, acid, and alkaline should be avoided
stored in their original container at temperatures below 30 C
Describe the procedures for reagent strip testing technique - ANSWER must be tested
within 2 hours or refrigerated
if refrigerated, have to wait tell urine is room temperature to test
strip briefly dipped, wetting testing pads
if there is excess urine, drained by drawing edge of strip on container or placed on its
side on an absorbent material
read the pads at the appropriate times
discard strip into bio-hazard waste
Discuss the quality control for commercial reagent strip and tablet tests - ANSWER
negative controls: commercial or laboratory prepared materials
positive controls: can be purchased commercially or prepared by the laboratory
aliquoting a well-mixed urine specimen from the daily workload and having a different
laboratory or technologist on each shift analyze the specimen
Discuss the clinical significance associated with urine specific gravity results - ANSWER
ultrafiltrate passes through the nephrons, solutes, and water are selectively absorbed
and secreted
if the tubules are unable to perform these functions, specific gravity of the urine
excreted will be always be identical to that of the original ultrafiltrate
isosthenuria implies significant renal tubular dysfunction and a feature of "end-stage"
renal disease
Discuss the clinical significance associated with urine pH results - ANSWER kidneys
play a major role in regulating the acid-base balance of the body
urine pH can affect the stability of formed elements in urine
, State the mechanisms of blood detection by reagent strip - ANSWER reagent pad is
impregnated with with chromogen tetramethylbenzidine and a peroxide
through pseudoperoxide activity of the heme moiety, peroxide is reduced and the
chromogen becomes oxidized, producing a color change on the reaction pad from
yellow to green (then compare pad to manufacturer color chart to determine result)
hematuria - ANSWER hematuria: cloudy urine, intact RBCs,
kidney and urinary tract disease
trauma
hypertension
exposure to toxic chemicals
medications: anticoagulants and cyclophosphamide
strenuous exercise
hemoglobinuria - ANSWER hemoglobinuria: free hemoglobin in the urine, clear urine,
free Hb not bound by heptoglobin, reabsorbed to be ferritin which denature to form
hemosiderin
intravascular hemolysis
extensive burns
infections
chemical toxicity
exertional hemolysis
myglobinuria - ANSWER myoglobinuria: heme containing protein in muscle tissue, clear,
red/brown urine
muscular trauma: crush syndromes. surgery, contact sports
prolonged coma
seizures, convulsions
muscles ischemia: alcohol, CO
muscle infection
medication: cholesterol-lowering
statin medications
State the proper care and storage of commercial reagent strips and tablet tests -
ANSWER must be protected from moisture. chemicals. heat, and light
evidence of deterioration, contamination, or improper storage should be discarded
tight-fitting lid
fumes from volatile chemicals, acid, and alkaline should be avoided
stored in their original container at temperatures below 30 C
Describe the procedures for reagent strip testing technique - ANSWER must be tested
within 2 hours or refrigerated
if refrigerated, have to wait tell urine is room temperature to test
strip briefly dipped, wetting testing pads
if there is excess urine, drained by drawing edge of strip on container or placed on its
side on an absorbent material
read the pads at the appropriate times
discard strip into bio-hazard waste
Discuss the quality control for commercial reagent strip and tablet tests - ANSWER
negative controls: commercial or laboratory prepared materials
positive controls: can be purchased commercially or prepared by the laboratory
aliquoting a well-mixed urine specimen from the daily workload and having a different
laboratory or technologist on each shift analyze the specimen
Discuss the clinical significance associated with urine specific gravity results - ANSWER
ultrafiltrate passes through the nephrons, solutes, and water are selectively absorbed
and secreted
if the tubules are unable to perform these functions, specific gravity of the urine
excreted will be always be identical to that of the original ultrafiltrate
isosthenuria implies significant renal tubular dysfunction and a feature of "end-stage"
renal disease
Discuss the clinical significance associated with urine pH results - ANSWER kidneys
play a major role in regulating the acid-base balance of the body
urine pH can affect the stability of formed elements in urine
, State the mechanisms of blood detection by reagent strip - ANSWER reagent pad is
impregnated with with chromogen tetramethylbenzidine and a peroxide
through pseudoperoxide activity of the heme moiety, peroxide is reduced and the
chromogen becomes oxidized, producing a color change on the reaction pad from
yellow to green (then compare pad to manufacturer color chart to determine result)
hematuria - ANSWER hematuria: cloudy urine, intact RBCs,
kidney and urinary tract disease
trauma
hypertension
exposure to toxic chemicals
medications: anticoagulants and cyclophosphamide
strenuous exercise
hemoglobinuria - ANSWER hemoglobinuria: free hemoglobin in the urine, clear urine,
free Hb not bound by heptoglobin, reabsorbed to be ferritin which denature to form
hemosiderin
intravascular hemolysis
extensive burns
infections
chemical toxicity
exertional hemolysis
myglobinuria - ANSWER myoglobinuria: heme containing protein in muscle tissue, clear,
red/brown urine
muscular trauma: crush syndromes. surgery, contact sports
prolonged coma
seizures, convulsions
muscles ischemia: alcohol, CO
muscle infection
medication: cholesterol-lowering
statin medications
