BIOS 251
Anatomy & Physiology I
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following structures is responsible for producing
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
- A) Choroid plexus
- B) Pineal gland
- C) Pituitary gland
- D) Hypothalamus
- ANS: A) Choroid plexus
©/2025
, - Rationale: The choroid plexus, located in the ventricles of
the brain, produces cerebrospinal fluid, which circulates through
the central nervous system.
2. What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump
in maintaining cellular homeostasis?
- A) Facilitating osmosis
- B) Generating action potentials
- C) Maintaining the resting membrane potential
- D) Enabling phagocytosis
- ANS: C) Maintaining the resting membrane potential
- Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump actively transports
sodium ions out of and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining
the resting membrane potential and proper cellular function.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The process by which blood cells are formed in the bone
marrow is called __________.
- ANS: hematopoiesis
- Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell
formation that occurs in the bone marrow, producing red blood
cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
©/2025
,4. __________ is the primary hormone responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of
glucose into cells.
- ANS: Insulin
- Rationale: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates
blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into
cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: The left ventricle of the heart has a thicker
muscular wall compared to the right ventricle.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: The left ventricle has a thicker muscular wall to
generate the higher pressure needed to pump blood throughout the
systemic circulation, whereas the right ventricle pumps blood to
the lungs at a lower pressure.
6. True or False: Osteoblasts are bone-resorbing cells involved
in the breakdown of bone tissue.
- ANS: False
©/2025
, - Rationale: Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that secrete
the bone matrix, while osteoclasts are the cells responsible for
bone resorption.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are functions of the skin? (Select all
that apply)
- A) Protection against pathogens
- B) Regulation of body temperature
- C) Synthesis of vitamin D
- D) Production of red blood cells
- ANS: A) Protection against pathogens, B) Regulation of
body temperature, C) Synthesis of vitamin D
- Rationale: The skin protects against pathogens, regulates
body temperature, and synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to
sunlight. Red blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow.
8. Which of the following are components of the axial skeleton?
(Select all that apply)
- A) Skull
- B) Vertebral column
- C) Rib cage
©/2025
Anatomy & Physiology I
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following structures is responsible for producing
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
- A) Choroid plexus
- B) Pineal gland
- C) Pituitary gland
- D) Hypothalamus
- ANS: A) Choroid plexus
©/2025
, - Rationale: The choroid plexus, located in the ventricles of
the brain, produces cerebrospinal fluid, which circulates through
the central nervous system.
2. What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump
in maintaining cellular homeostasis?
- A) Facilitating osmosis
- B) Generating action potentials
- C) Maintaining the resting membrane potential
- D) Enabling phagocytosis
- ANS: C) Maintaining the resting membrane potential
- Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump actively transports
sodium ions out of and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining
the resting membrane potential and proper cellular function.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The process by which blood cells are formed in the bone
marrow is called __________.
- ANS: hematopoiesis
- Rationale: Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell
formation that occurs in the bone marrow, producing red blood
cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
©/2025
,4. __________ is the primary hormone responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of
glucose into cells.
- ANS: Insulin
- Rationale: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates
blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into
cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: The left ventricle of the heart has a thicker
muscular wall compared to the right ventricle.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: The left ventricle has a thicker muscular wall to
generate the higher pressure needed to pump blood throughout the
systemic circulation, whereas the right ventricle pumps blood to
the lungs at a lower pressure.
6. True or False: Osteoblasts are bone-resorbing cells involved
in the breakdown of bone tissue.
- ANS: False
©/2025
, - Rationale: Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that secrete
the bone matrix, while osteoclasts are the cells responsible for
bone resorption.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are functions of the skin? (Select all
that apply)
- A) Protection against pathogens
- B) Regulation of body temperature
- C) Synthesis of vitamin D
- D) Production of red blood cells
- ANS: A) Protection against pathogens, B) Regulation of
body temperature, C) Synthesis of vitamin D
- Rationale: The skin protects against pathogens, regulates
body temperature, and synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to
sunlight. Red blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow.
8. Which of the following are components of the axial skeleton?
(Select all that apply)
- A) Skull
- B) Vertebral column
- C) Rib cage
©/2025
