UA BSC 108 Module 1 Exam Study Guide (2025/2026) – Study
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The process of ____________ captures light energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy
stored in sugars and other organism molecules. - photosynthesis
write the general equation for photosynthesis from memory - water (6H2O) + carbon dioxide (6CO2)
+ Light energy ---> glucose (C6H12O6) + oxygen (6O2)
Water enters plants through _______ and carbon dioxide enters plants through _______. - their
roots; pores in the leaf called stomata
Photosynthesis occurs in - chloroplasts
Know the structure of the chloroplast. - stroma, thylakoid membrane, grana, inner and outer
membrane
what is a stroma - a thick fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a chloroplast; sugars are made in
the ____ by the enzymes of the Calvin cycle.
thylakoid membrane - one of a number of disk-shaped membranous sacs inside a chloroplast.
contain chlorophyll and the enzymes of the light reactions of photosynthesis;
Grana - a stack of hollow disks formed if thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast.
are the sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy during
the light reactions of photosynthesis
inner and outer membrane of chloroplast - the chloroplast has a double-membrane envelope.
the inner membrane encloses a compartment filled with stroma.
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the ________. - inner thylakoid membrane
the primary function of plant pigments is to - absorb solar energy
, Leaves are green because - chlorophyll molecules absorb violet-blue and red light but reflect or
transmit green-yellow light
List the processes of light dependent reactions - chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and ejects an
electron, which is passed down an electron transport chain, and water is split, releasing O2
List the requirements for light dependent reactions - H2O, ADP, and NADP+
List the products of light reactions - O2 and energy-storing compounds ATP and NADH
List the requirements for the Calvin cycle reactions - ATP, NADPH, CO2, a five-carbon sugar called
RuBP, and the enzyme rubisco
_________ is fixed during the Calvin Cycle. - Carbon Dioxide
The product of the Calvin Cycle is _______ which can be used to make __________ - glyceraldhyde-
3-phosphate (G3P); glucose
How is C4 photosynthesis different from C3 (traditional) photosynthesis? - c3 photosynthesis uses
the three carbon molecule 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) for carbon fixation -which require water; in
c4 photosynthesis a carbon shuttle system evolved in which carbon is first fixed by incorporation of
carbon dioxide into a 4 carbon molecule Oxaloacetate (OAA)
C4 photosynthesis is an adaption for ... - hot and dry weather
What is an example of a C4 plant? - sugar cane, corn
Photosynthesis is the process that ... - stores energy in the form of glucose and that cellular
respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose
An oxidation reaction involves the - loss of electrons
A reduction reaction involves - the gain of electrons
Smart with 100% Correct Answers! Graded A+
The process of ____________ captures light energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy
stored in sugars and other organism molecules. - photosynthesis
write the general equation for photosynthesis from memory - water (6H2O) + carbon dioxide (6CO2)
+ Light energy ---> glucose (C6H12O6) + oxygen (6O2)
Water enters plants through _______ and carbon dioxide enters plants through _______. - their
roots; pores in the leaf called stomata
Photosynthesis occurs in - chloroplasts
Know the structure of the chloroplast. - stroma, thylakoid membrane, grana, inner and outer
membrane
what is a stroma - a thick fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a chloroplast; sugars are made in
the ____ by the enzymes of the Calvin cycle.
thylakoid membrane - one of a number of disk-shaped membranous sacs inside a chloroplast.
contain chlorophyll and the enzymes of the light reactions of photosynthesis;
Grana - a stack of hollow disks formed if thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast.
are the sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy during
the light reactions of photosynthesis
inner and outer membrane of chloroplast - the chloroplast has a double-membrane envelope.
the inner membrane encloses a compartment filled with stroma.
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the ________. - inner thylakoid membrane
the primary function of plant pigments is to - absorb solar energy
, Leaves are green because - chlorophyll molecules absorb violet-blue and red light but reflect or
transmit green-yellow light
List the processes of light dependent reactions - chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and ejects an
electron, which is passed down an electron transport chain, and water is split, releasing O2
List the requirements for light dependent reactions - H2O, ADP, and NADP+
List the products of light reactions - O2 and energy-storing compounds ATP and NADH
List the requirements for the Calvin cycle reactions - ATP, NADPH, CO2, a five-carbon sugar called
RuBP, and the enzyme rubisco
_________ is fixed during the Calvin Cycle. - Carbon Dioxide
The product of the Calvin Cycle is _______ which can be used to make __________ - glyceraldhyde-
3-phosphate (G3P); glucose
How is C4 photosynthesis different from C3 (traditional) photosynthesis? - c3 photosynthesis uses
the three carbon molecule 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) for carbon fixation -which require water; in
c4 photosynthesis a carbon shuttle system evolved in which carbon is first fixed by incorporation of
carbon dioxide into a 4 carbon molecule Oxaloacetate (OAA)
C4 photosynthesis is an adaption for ... - hot and dry weather
What is an example of a C4 plant? - sugar cane, corn
Photosynthesis is the process that ... - stores energy in the form of glucose and that cellular
respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose
An oxidation reaction involves the - loss of electrons
A reduction reaction involves - the gain of electrons
