MCB2010 EXAM 1 IRSC QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
classifications of microbes - Answers - bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and
small multicellular animals
bacteria & archaea - Answers - prokaryotes, unicellular & lack nucleus, much smaller than
eukaryotes, found in moist environments & isolated extreme conditions, asexual repro,
bacteria has peptidoglycan cell wall while archaea does not
2 types of prokaryotes - Answers - bacteria and archaea
fungi - Answers - eukaryotic (membrane bound nucleus), obtain food from other
organisms, possess cell walls, and include: molds (multicellular; grow as long filaments;
repro by sexual and asexual spores) & yeasts (unicellular; repro asexually by budding
and some produce sexual spores)
molds - Answers - fungi; multicellular; grow as long filaments; repro by asexual and sexual
spores
yeasts - Answers - fungi; unicellular; repro asexually by budding and some produce
sexual spores
protozoa - Answers - single-celled eukaryotes that lack a cell wall and are similar to
animals in their nutritional needs and structure, mostly asexual repro but some sexual,
locomotion by pseudopods, cilia, and flagella
pseudopods - Answers - false feet, means of locomotion, flow in direction of travel
cila - Answers - numerous short protrusions that propel organism
flagella - Answers - extension of cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia
algae - Answers - unicellular or multicellular, photosynthetic, simple repro structures,
categorized on basis of pigmentation and composition of cell wall
other organisms of importance - Answers - parasites and viruses
three processes scientists thought living things arose from - Answers - asexual, sexual,
and non living matter
who proposed that living things could arise from non living matter - Answers - aristotle
redi's experiments - Answers - allowed people to doubt aristotles theory because when
decaying meat kept from flies no maggots developed
, needham's experiments - Answers - scientists agreed large animals couldnt rise from
spontaneity, but believed microbes could; example with gravy and infusion of plant
material reinforced this idea
spallanzi's experiments - Answers - contradicted needham, all living things arise from
other living things, needham failed to heat vials sufficiently to kill all microbes
pasteur's experiments - Answers - performed with swan neck flasks, when flasks
remained upright no microbial growth appeared, but when it was tilted dust from bend in
the neck would seep into flask and made infusion cloudy with microbes within a day
scientific method - Answers - observation, question, hypothesis, tested thru ex, results
accepted= theory/law
disproved= rejected/modified
pastuerization - Answers - process of heating liquids just enough to kill most bacteria and
began field of industrial microbiology
industrial microbiology - Answers - branch of microbiology in which microbes are
manipulated to manufacture useful products
buchner's experiments - Answers - demonstrated it doesnt require living cells for
fermentation and showed enzymes promote chemical reactions & began field of
biochemistry
germ theory of disease - Answers - developed by pasteur, some diseases caused by
specific germs called pathogens
koch's experiments - Answers - -studied causative agents of disease (etiology) and
demonstrated a bacterium caused anthrax & examined colonies of microorganisms
-simple staining techs
-1st photomicrograph of bacteria
-1st photograph of bacteria in diseased tissue
-techniques of estimating bacterial number in a solution
-use of steam to sterilize growth media
-use of petri dishes and lab techniques to transfer bacteria
-bacteria as distinct species
grams stains - Answers - most widely used staining technique and one of the 1st step to
identify a bacterium
antoni van leeuwenhoek - Answers - began making simple microscopes, often make a
new one for each specimen, examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae,
and single celled protozoa, "animalcules"
classifications of microbes - Answers - bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and
small multicellular animals
bacteria & archaea - Answers - prokaryotes, unicellular & lack nucleus, much smaller than
eukaryotes, found in moist environments & isolated extreme conditions, asexual repro,
bacteria has peptidoglycan cell wall while archaea does not
2 types of prokaryotes - Answers - bacteria and archaea
fungi - Answers - eukaryotic (membrane bound nucleus), obtain food from other
organisms, possess cell walls, and include: molds (multicellular; grow as long filaments;
repro by sexual and asexual spores) & yeasts (unicellular; repro asexually by budding
and some produce sexual spores)
molds - Answers - fungi; multicellular; grow as long filaments; repro by asexual and sexual
spores
yeasts - Answers - fungi; unicellular; repro asexually by budding and some produce
sexual spores
protozoa - Answers - single-celled eukaryotes that lack a cell wall and are similar to
animals in their nutritional needs and structure, mostly asexual repro but some sexual,
locomotion by pseudopods, cilia, and flagella
pseudopods - Answers - false feet, means of locomotion, flow in direction of travel
cila - Answers - numerous short protrusions that propel organism
flagella - Answers - extension of cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia
algae - Answers - unicellular or multicellular, photosynthetic, simple repro structures,
categorized on basis of pigmentation and composition of cell wall
other organisms of importance - Answers - parasites and viruses
three processes scientists thought living things arose from - Answers - asexual, sexual,
and non living matter
who proposed that living things could arise from non living matter - Answers - aristotle
redi's experiments - Answers - allowed people to doubt aristotles theory because when
decaying meat kept from flies no maggots developed
, needham's experiments - Answers - scientists agreed large animals couldnt rise from
spontaneity, but believed microbes could; example with gravy and infusion of plant
material reinforced this idea
spallanzi's experiments - Answers - contradicted needham, all living things arise from
other living things, needham failed to heat vials sufficiently to kill all microbes
pasteur's experiments - Answers - performed with swan neck flasks, when flasks
remained upright no microbial growth appeared, but when it was tilted dust from bend in
the neck would seep into flask and made infusion cloudy with microbes within a day
scientific method - Answers - observation, question, hypothesis, tested thru ex, results
accepted= theory/law
disproved= rejected/modified
pastuerization - Answers - process of heating liquids just enough to kill most bacteria and
began field of industrial microbiology
industrial microbiology - Answers - branch of microbiology in which microbes are
manipulated to manufacture useful products
buchner's experiments - Answers - demonstrated it doesnt require living cells for
fermentation and showed enzymes promote chemical reactions & began field of
biochemistry
germ theory of disease - Answers - developed by pasteur, some diseases caused by
specific germs called pathogens
koch's experiments - Answers - -studied causative agents of disease (etiology) and
demonstrated a bacterium caused anthrax & examined colonies of microorganisms
-simple staining techs
-1st photomicrograph of bacteria
-1st photograph of bacteria in diseased tissue
-techniques of estimating bacterial number in a solution
-use of steam to sterilize growth media
-use of petri dishes and lab techniques to transfer bacteria
-bacteria as distinct species
grams stains - Answers - most widely used staining technique and one of the 1st step to
identify a bacterium
antoni van leeuwenhoek - Answers - began making simple microscopes, often make a
new one for each specimen, examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae,
and single celled protozoa, "animalcules"
