Pharmacology - Module 9 Drug Guide

Module 9 Drug Table 1
Management of Infection

Mechanism of
Side Effects Concerns Pt. Education
Drug Class Prototype Drug Action
Adverse Reactions Contraindications Nursing Considerations
Therapeutic Uses
MA: inhibition of
enzyme in cell wall
synthesis,
bactericidal effect. • Sample/culture
BEFORE starting.
Hypersensitivity
TR: skin & upper Food: acidic fruit juice • Allergy
Penicillin G Anaphylaxis
respiratory (OJ/grapefruit) • Take with food to
Pruritus
Penicillins infections, otitis avoid GI upset
Amoxicillin Superinfection
[Amoxil]
media, gingivitis,
Joint pain
Cx.: allergic to, kidney • Do NOT use more
Suffix: -cillin pneumonia, disease, asthma, than needed
N/V/D (C. diff)
endocarditis, bleeding/clotting • Decreases effect of
Urticaria
pericarditis, disorder BC
SJS
rheumatic fever, • New rash may
scarlet fever, indicate SJS
meningitis,
gonorrhea, syphilis,
STI’s
MA: weakening of
bacterial cell wall
resulting in death. • Sample/culture
Active against gram BEFORE starting.
Superinfection
Cephalexin + & - bacteria.
N/V/D (C. diff) • Allergy
[Keflex]
Flushing • Take with food to
TR: skin, Drugs: furosemide,
Cephalosporins Diaphoresis avoid GI upset
Cefepime intrabdominal, metformin, warfarin
[Maxipime] bone/joint
Headaches • Do NOT use more
Suffix: ceph-, cef- Dizziness than needed
infections, UTIs, Food: dairy, alcohol
Reach • Decreases effect of
Ceftriaxone pneumonia,
Injection-site reactions BC
[Rocephin] pharyngitis,
SJS • New rash may
tonsillitis,
meningitis, otitis indicate SJS
media, STIs,
bacteremia & sepsis

, Module 9 Drug Table 2
Management of Infection

Mechanism of
Side Effects Concerns Pt. Education
Drug Class Prototype Drug Action
Adverse Reactions Contraindications Nursing Considerations
Therapeutic Uses
• Sample/culture
BEFORE starting.
• Allergy
Drugs: ganciclovir,
MA: weakening of • Taken on empty
valproic acid
bacterial cell wall stomach 1hr. before
Superinfection
Imipenem resulting in death. or 2hr. after meal or
N/V/D (C. diff) Food: alcohol, food,
[Primaxin] Active against gram snacks.
Fever tobacco
Carbapenems + & - bacteria. • Drink full glass of
HTN
Meropenem water with each dose.
Injection-site reactions Cx.: seizures, head
injuries, tumors, kidney •
[Merrem] TR: UTIs, Do NOT use more
SJS
pneumonia & than needed
disease, liver disease, GI
stomach infections • Decreases effect of
disease
BC
• New rash may
indicate SJS
MA: inhibit late
stages of cell wall.
Headache
TR: skin infections, • Monitor peak &
Fatigue Drugs: ciprofloxacin,
Tricyclic staphylococcal, trough levels 15-30
Fever furosemide, piperacillin
glycopeptides Vancomycin enterocolitis, mins before giving.
N/V/D
[Vancocin] bone/joint • Monitor for toxicity
Prolonged QT interval Cx.: IBD, kidney disease,
Suffix: -mycin infections, & Redman syndrome.
Arrhythmias hearing loss
bacteremia, • Monitor IV site
Toxic to kidneys/ears/liver
pneumonia, MRSA,
C. diff associated
diarrhea
Tetracycline MA: inhibit protein Drugs: digoxin, warfarin
Headache
Tetracyclines [Sumycin] synthesis to stop • Take on empty
Dizziness
growth. Effective Food: dairy products stomach with full
N/V/D
Suffix: -cycline Doxycycline against gram + & - glass of water.
Abdominal pain
[Minocin] bacteria. Cx.: pregnant