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NYSTCE Visual Arts (079) Questions With Detailed
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Q: drawing in the Middle Ages
Ans: -Mostly used as preparation for paintings
-done on animal skin, wood, wax, or slate
-some artists used drawings as a record instead of working from a live model
-some artists would complete finished drawings as illuminations for
manuscripts
Q: drawing during Pre-history
Ans: -Used on cave walls as early as 10,000 BCE
-cave paintings used to express ideas and scenes
-Used by Egyptians 3,000 BCE on
Q: drawing during the Renaissance
Ans: -Drawing became more widely used, due to the increase in the
availability of paper
-Students were taught how to draw before painting or sculpting
-used to study nature, record anatomy (Da Vinci)
-Drawing materials used: pen and ink, black and red charcoal
Q: drawing in Baroque period
Ans: More expressive and less exact than Renaissance drawings
,Q: pencils
Ans: -first manufactured in the 1800's, became a widely used drawing tool
-range in hardness from 10H to 10B
-greater detail than charcoal
Q: drawings in Northern Europe (1500s)
Ans: -artists began creating drawings as works of art
-Albrecht Durer and Hans Holbein the Younger used drawings
Q: drawings in the 1600's
Ans: -Rembrandt created detailed drawings
-Dutch artists used sketchbooks to draw scenes to paint later
Q: charcoal
Ans: -Drawing material made from slowly burned wood
-used for cave drawings
-lightweight
-stick or pencil form
-often used for large gesture drawings or as underdrawing
Q: red chalk
Ans: -Drawing material made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay
-popular in the 16th and 17th century
-used by Da Vinci, in the Renaissance
Q: black chalk
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,Ans: -drawing material made of carbaceous shale
-softer than red chalk
used in 15th cent Italy for underdrawings for ink and metalpoint
-used by Durer and van Dyck
Q: white chalk
Ans: -made of calcium carbonate or soapstone
-used to make highlights
Q: conte crayons
Ans: -developed in the 1800's
-made in red, black, and white
-harder than chalk, smoother lines
Q: graphite
Ans: -form of carbon
-first discovered in the 1500's
-later encased in wood to make pencils
Q: ink
Ans: -liquid pigment
-used with pen or brush
Q: pen
Ans: -first made from bird feathers and reeds (quills)
-later created with metal tips
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, Q: tortillon
Ans: -a tightly rolled paper stump that is used for blending drawings, either
charcoal or pencil
Q: maulstick (or mahlstick)
Ans: a stick with a padded head used to rest hand while drawing or
painting to keep steady
Q: kinds of erasers
Ans: -kneaded eraser can be rolled into small size, will not leave crumbs
-gum eraser is yellowish, crumbles, best for large areas
-pink eraser is firmer and more precise, still leaves crumbs
Q: Dry cleaning bag
Ans: fabric bag of eraser bits used to clean up fingerprints, smudges, and
dust from larger areas on the paper
Q: parchment
Ans: -writing/drawing surface made from animal skin
-used in the Middle Ages
Q: paper
Ans: -first created in China 105 AD
-wasn't widely used until the 1800's
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