Graded A+ 2025/2026
Crito's arguments and Socrates' responses - Crito has made arrangements
to smuggle Socrates out of prison and deliver him to a place where he can
live safely in exile. Socrates, however, does not seem interested in this
plan. Crito proceeds to lay out his arguments for why Socrates' death must
be avoided. He states that Socrates' death will reflect badly on his friends,
as people will think they did nothing to save him. He also states that
Socrates must not worry about risk or financial cost to his friends, as they
have arranged everything for him. He will have a pleasant life in exile.
Finally, Crito appeals to Socrates' ethical nature, stating that if he allows
himself to be executed, he will be aiding his enemies' unjust ruling and will
therefore be acting unethically himself. He finally reminds Socrates that he
will leave his sons without a father. Socrates begins his responses, saying
that no one should worry about public opinion, but instead listen only to
wise advice from experts.
Socratic method - Philosophical method of questioning to gain truth
Theory of Recollection - Is the idea that we are born possessing all
knowledge and our realization of that knowledge is contingent on our
discovery of it.
Tartaros - In Greek mythology, he was both a primordial deity that existed
before the Olympians, as well as a name to describe a region of the
Underworld. As a god, he was third in rank after Chaos and Gaea,
preceding Eros
Acherusian Lake - This is within Er where the souls of most of the dead
remain, some for a longer time, some for a shorter, until they are reborn.
Ether - In Greek mythology, he embodies the pure upper air that the gods
breathe, as opposed to the normal air breathed by mortals
The 1001 Nights - It's an epic collection of Arabic folk tales written during
the Islamic Golden Age. Scorned by an unfaithful wife, Shahrayar is the
king of a great empire, but is brokenhearted. Shahrayar chose to marry a
new woman every day only to kill her the next morning. Needless to say,
this did not make him a very popular ruler. More and more innocent women
, die until one day Scheherazade, The daughter of the king's top advisor,
offers to marry the king. The king and advisor both protest, but Shahrazad
insists, all knowing that the night could be her last. That night, she requests
the presence of her sister and tells a story that manages to be the
beginning of dozens of stories meant to keep her alive.
Shahrayar - In "The 1001 Nights", he rules over the kingdom of India and
begins the practice of marrying wives and killing them the next morning
until Scheherazade begins to tell him stories every night. Brother to
Shahzaman.
Shahrazad - Persian queen; story teller of 1001 nights
Dinarzad - In "The 1001 Nights," she is Shahrazad's younger sister who
asks for the stories that then keep Shahrazad alive.
Jinn - In "Aladdin's Lamp," the ring jinn is the spirit conjured by the
magician's ring, and less powerful than the lamp jinn.
In "Aladdin's Lamp," the lamp jinn is the spirit conjured by the lamp Aladdin
steals for the magician, and is more powerful than the ring jinn.
Decamerone (The Decameron) by Giovanni Boccaccio - Set in 1348, when
the Black Death was ravaging the city of Florence, as portrayed by
Boccaccio in his famous description of plague's effect on people and
places. While chaos reigns in the streets and every friendship or kinship is
broken by the plague's fear, seven young gentlewomen gather in the
church of Santa Maria Novella to pray and try to find out some way to face
the situation. The oldest of the group, Pampinea, suggest to leave the city
and thus avoid the sad vision of deaths, the risk of contagion and the lack
of authority which eventually had weakened all social and moral controls.
Being afraid of traveling alone, the women took with them three young men
of their acquaintance just arrived into the church. The new-formed posse or
brigata leave the city and its horrors and reach a countryside palace where
they decide to stay. In this ideal places, represented with all the features of
the locus amoenus, they eventually commit themselves to storytelling in
order to occupy their time.
The rules are simple: everyday there will be a "king" or a "queen" that will
be in charge of choosing the stories' theme and caring about their meals
and entertainment. Therefore, two weeks (except for four days of religious