4736 BCIT OS
5. High programming language level
4. Assembly language level
3. OS level
2. Instruction Set Architecture level
1. Microarchitecture level
1. Digital level correct answerslevels of the machine structure from top to
bottom:
Device level made of transistors and in turn transistors are made of
semiconductors. AND, OR, and NOT are the building blocks of any digital
circuits correct answersDigital Level
Instructions are executed in this level employing ALU, Registers, and
Microprograms. correct answersMicroarchitecture level
The design of a Computer in terms of the basic operations it must
support. correct answersInstruction Set Architecture (ISA)
Memory management, processes execution, and system resource
protection. correct answersOS level
Humman readable language, hard to work with, time consuming, and
even a simple program contains many lines. correct answersAssembly
language level
In this level people usually write programs in language such as Java,
Python , and C++ correct answersHigh programming language level
Memory management, processes execution, and system resource
protection correct answersWhat is the main duty of OS?
2. A software
3. An extended machine
4. A resource manager that provides many abstraction layers.
e.g.Reading and writing on hard drive require many steps and is not easy
task without using the operating system. correct answersOS
The operating system, the most fundamental piece of software.
In this mode it has complete access to all the hardware and can execute any
instruction the machine is capable of executing. correct answersKernel mode
, The rest of the software runs in user mode, in which only a subset of
the machine instructions is available. correct answersUser mode
• Top down view
- Provide abstractions to application programs.
• Bottom up view
- Manage pieces of complex system.
• Alternative view
-Provide orderly, controlled allocation of resources. correct answersOS as a
Resource Manager
- Time
- Space
E.g. Multiprogramming (each program gets a fair amount of time and
memory space for execution) and sharing printer. correct answersWhat
Resource management includes?
Control
Unit
Registers
ALU
correct
answersC
PU
Instruction-Level
Parallelism(pipelining)
Multithreading and Multicore Chips
Multiprocessors and Multi-
computers correct
answersProcessors
•Allows the CPU to hold the state of two different threads and then switch
back and forth on a nanosecond time scale e.g. SPARC,the Power5, the Intel
Xeon, and the Intel Core family.• Multicore chips , CPU chips now have four,
eight, or more complete processors or cores on them e.g. Intel Xeon Phi and
the Tilera TilePro, more than 60 cores on a single chip correct
answersMultithreading and Multicore Chips
Register
s Cache
Main
memory
Magneti
c disk
correct
answers
Memory
hierarch
y
Local
fast
memori
5. High programming language level
4. Assembly language level
3. OS level
2. Instruction Set Architecture level
1. Microarchitecture level
1. Digital level correct answerslevels of the machine structure from top to
bottom:
Device level made of transistors and in turn transistors are made of
semiconductors. AND, OR, and NOT are the building blocks of any digital
circuits correct answersDigital Level
Instructions are executed in this level employing ALU, Registers, and
Microprograms. correct answersMicroarchitecture level
The design of a Computer in terms of the basic operations it must
support. correct answersInstruction Set Architecture (ISA)
Memory management, processes execution, and system resource
protection. correct answersOS level
Humman readable language, hard to work with, time consuming, and
even a simple program contains many lines. correct answersAssembly
language level
In this level people usually write programs in language such as Java,
Python , and C++ correct answersHigh programming language level
Memory management, processes execution, and system resource
protection correct answersWhat is the main duty of OS?
2. A software
3. An extended machine
4. A resource manager that provides many abstraction layers.
e.g.Reading and writing on hard drive require many steps and is not easy
task without using the operating system. correct answersOS
The operating system, the most fundamental piece of software.
In this mode it has complete access to all the hardware and can execute any
instruction the machine is capable of executing. correct answersKernel mode
, The rest of the software runs in user mode, in which only a subset of
the machine instructions is available. correct answersUser mode
• Top down view
- Provide abstractions to application programs.
• Bottom up view
- Manage pieces of complex system.
• Alternative view
-Provide orderly, controlled allocation of resources. correct answersOS as a
Resource Manager
- Time
- Space
E.g. Multiprogramming (each program gets a fair amount of time and
memory space for execution) and sharing printer. correct answersWhat
Resource management includes?
Control
Unit
Registers
ALU
correct
answersC
PU
Instruction-Level
Parallelism(pipelining)
Multithreading and Multicore Chips
Multiprocessors and Multi-
computers correct
answersProcessors
•Allows the CPU to hold the state of two different threads and then switch
back and forth on a nanosecond time scale e.g. SPARC,the Power5, the Intel
Xeon, and the Intel Core family.• Multicore chips , CPU chips now have four,
eight, or more complete processors or cores on them e.g. Intel Xeon Phi and
the Tilera TilePro, more than 60 cores on a single chip correct
answersMultithreading and Multicore Chips
Register
s Cache
Main
memory
Magneti
c disk
correct
answers
Memory
hierarch
y
Local
fast
memori
