1. Which structure is primarily affected in keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(dry eye syndrome)?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Meibomian Glands
D. Lacrimal Gland
Answer: D) Lacrimal Gland
Rationale: Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland leads to reduced tear
production, a hallmark of dry eye syndrome.
2. What is the preferred treatment for wet age-related macular
degeneration?
A. Anti-VEGF Injections
B. Laser Photocoagulation
C. Corticosteroid Injections
D. Vitrectomy
Answer: A) Anti-VEGF Injections
Rationale: Anti-VEGF therapy reduces abnormal blood vessel growth
and leakage, improving vision in wet AMD.
,3. Which of the following is the leading risk factor for primary open-
angle glaucoma?
A. Myopia
B. Advanced age
C. Hyperopia
D. Family history
Answer: D) Family history
Rationale: A family history of glaucoma significantly increases the risk
of developing primary open-angle glaucoma due to its genetic
predisposition.
4. What is the first-line treatment for non-proliferative diabetic
retinopathy?
A. Anti-VEGF Therapy
B. Laser Photocoagulation
C. Glycemic Control
D. Vitrectomy
Answer: C) Glycemic Control
Rationale: Tight glycemic control is crucial in managing non-
proliferative diabetic retinopathy to prevent progression.
5. What is the primary function of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)?
, A. Light detection
B. Photoreceptor support
C. Blood supply to the retina
D. Production of aqueous humor
Answer: B) Photoreceptor support
Rationale: The RPE provides metabolic support to photoreceptors and
aids in visual cycle processes.
6. Which imaging modality is most useful for diagnosing choroidal
melanoma?
A. Ultrasound
B. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
C. Fundus Photography
D. Fluorescein Angiography
Answer: A) Ultrasound
Rationale: Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing
choroidal melanoma, providing detailed information about tumor size
and structure.
7. A 60-year-old presents with painless loss of vision. Fundoscopy
reveals a pale retina with a "cherry-red" spot. What is the diagnosis?
A. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
B. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
(dry eye syndrome)?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Meibomian Glands
D. Lacrimal Gland
Answer: D) Lacrimal Gland
Rationale: Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland leads to reduced tear
production, a hallmark of dry eye syndrome.
2. What is the preferred treatment for wet age-related macular
degeneration?
A. Anti-VEGF Injections
B. Laser Photocoagulation
C. Corticosteroid Injections
D. Vitrectomy
Answer: A) Anti-VEGF Injections
Rationale: Anti-VEGF therapy reduces abnormal blood vessel growth
and leakage, improving vision in wet AMD.
,3. Which of the following is the leading risk factor for primary open-
angle glaucoma?
A. Myopia
B. Advanced age
C. Hyperopia
D. Family history
Answer: D) Family history
Rationale: A family history of glaucoma significantly increases the risk
of developing primary open-angle glaucoma due to its genetic
predisposition.
4. What is the first-line treatment for non-proliferative diabetic
retinopathy?
A. Anti-VEGF Therapy
B. Laser Photocoagulation
C. Glycemic Control
D. Vitrectomy
Answer: C) Glycemic Control
Rationale: Tight glycemic control is crucial in managing non-
proliferative diabetic retinopathy to prevent progression.
5. What is the primary function of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)?
, A. Light detection
B. Photoreceptor support
C. Blood supply to the retina
D. Production of aqueous humor
Answer: B) Photoreceptor support
Rationale: The RPE provides metabolic support to photoreceptors and
aids in visual cycle processes.
6. Which imaging modality is most useful for diagnosing choroidal
melanoma?
A. Ultrasound
B. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
C. Fundus Photography
D. Fluorescein Angiography
Answer: A) Ultrasound
Rationale: Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing
choroidal melanoma, providing detailed information about tumor size
and structure.
7. A 60-year-old presents with painless loss of vision. Fundoscopy
reveals a pale retina with a "cherry-red" spot. What is the diagnosis?
A. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
B. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
