PHRM 1203 WK8 EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTION
What are non opioid analgesics? - ANSWER Drugs that relieve pain without opioids.
What is the indication for aspirin? - ANSWER Managing mild to moderate pain.
What is the antiplatelet action of aspirin? - ANSWER At lower doses, it prevents blood
clotting.
What are the actions of aspirin? - ANSWER Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory,
and antiplatelet.
When is aspirin rarely used as an analgesic? - ANSWER Except in specific
circumstances like acute migraine and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin? - ANSWER It inhibits both forms of
cyclo-oxygenase, preventing prostaglandin synthesis.
What are the contraindications for aspirin? - ANSWER Allergic reactions, asthma, active
bleeding.
What is the indication for Paracetamol? - ANSWER Mild to moderate pain
What is the mechanism of action of Paracetamol? - ANSWER Inhibition of central
prostaglandin synthesis and modulation of inhibitory descending serotonergic pathways
What precautions should be taken with Paracetamol? - ANSWER Caution with people
with chronic liver disease (hepatotoxicity in overdose)
What are the adverse effects of Paracetamol? - ANSWER Hypersensitivity reactions
(e.g. rash) and Stevens Johnson syndrome (rare)
Is Paracetamol safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding? - ANSWER Yes, it is
safe to use
How can Paracetamol be administered? - ANSWER Orally, rectally, and IV
What is the onset of action after oral administration of Paracetamol? - ANSWER Rapid,
around 30 minutes
What is the onset of action after IV administration of Paracetamol? - ANSWER 5-10
minutes
What is the onset of action after rectal administration of Paracetamol? - ANSWER
Delayed with a slower onset of action
What are Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)? - ANSWER Drugs with
anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
, What are the two categories of NSAIDs? - ANSWER Nonselective Cox inhibitors and
selective Cox inhibitors.
Name some examples of nonselective Cox inhibitors. - ANSWER Aspirin, Diclofenac,
Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, Mefenamic acid, Naproxen, Piroxicam.
Name some examples of selective Cox inhibitors. - ANSWER Celecoxib, Etoricoxib,
Meloxicam, Parecoxib.
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs? - ANSWER Inhibits synthesis of
prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (COX).
What are the side effects of NSAIDs? - ANSWER Common: nausea, dyspepsia, GI
ulceration or bleeding. Rare: blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity, severe skin reactions.
What are the precautions when using NSAIDs? - ANSWER Dehydration, asthma,
coagulation disorders, heart failure & hypertension, gastrointestinal disease, renal
disease, pregnancy.
What is the half-life of Ibuprofen? - ANSWER 2 to 2.5 hours.
What is the half-life of Piroxicam? - ANSWER 30 to 50 hours.
How are NSAIDs administered? - ANSWER Oral, topical, rectal, IV, IM.
Is it recommended to use more than one NSAID at a time? - ANSWER No, there is no
rationale for using more than one NSAID at a time.
Can Paracetamol and NSAIDs be used together? - ANSWER Yes, they can be used
together to manage patient's pain.
What are the benefits of using Paracetamol and NSAIDs together? - ANSWER Enables
smaller doses of NSAIDs to be used.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with dehydration? - ANSWER
Reduced renal function and risk of acute renal failure.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with asthma? - ANSWER
Increased risk of bronchospasm.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with coagulation disorders? -
ANSWER Increased risk of bleeding.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with heart failure and
hypertension? - ANSWER Can cause sodium and fluid retention.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with gastrointestinal disease? -
ANSWER Avoid in active peptic ulcer disease.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with renal disease? - ANSWER
What are non opioid analgesics? - ANSWER Drugs that relieve pain without opioids.
What is the indication for aspirin? - ANSWER Managing mild to moderate pain.
What is the antiplatelet action of aspirin? - ANSWER At lower doses, it prevents blood
clotting.
What are the actions of aspirin? - ANSWER Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory,
and antiplatelet.
When is aspirin rarely used as an analgesic? - ANSWER Except in specific
circumstances like acute migraine and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin? - ANSWER It inhibits both forms of
cyclo-oxygenase, preventing prostaglandin synthesis.
What are the contraindications for aspirin? - ANSWER Allergic reactions, asthma, active
bleeding.
What is the indication for Paracetamol? - ANSWER Mild to moderate pain
What is the mechanism of action of Paracetamol? - ANSWER Inhibition of central
prostaglandin synthesis and modulation of inhibitory descending serotonergic pathways
What precautions should be taken with Paracetamol? - ANSWER Caution with people
with chronic liver disease (hepatotoxicity in overdose)
What are the adverse effects of Paracetamol? - ANSWER Hypersensitivity reactions
(e.g. rash) and Stevens Johnson syndrome (rare)
Is Paracetamol safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding? - ANSWER Yes, it is
safe to use
How can Paracetamol be administered? - ANSWER Orally, rectally, and IV
What is the onset of action after oral administration of Paracetamol? - ANSWER Rapid,
around 30 minutes
What is the onset of action after IV administration of Paracetamol? - ANSWER 5-10
minutes
What is the onset of action after rectal administration of Paracetamol? - ANSWER
Delayed with a slower onset of action
What are Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)? - ANSWER Drugs with
anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
, What are the two categories of NSAIDs? - ANSWER Nonselective Cox inhibitors and
selective Cox inhibitors.
Name some examples of nonselective Cox inhibitors. - ANSWER Aspirin, Diclofenac,
Ibuprofen, Indometacin, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, Mefenamic acid, Naproxen, Piroxicam.
Name some examples of selective Cox inhibitors. - ANSWER Celecoxib, Etoricoxib,
Meloxicam, Parecoxib.
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs? - ANSWER Inhibits synthesis of
prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (COX).
What are the side effects of NSAIDs? - ANSWER Common: nausea, dyspepsia, GI
ulceration or bleeding. Rare: blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity, severe skin reactions.
What are the precautions when using NSAIDs? - ANSWER Dehydration, asthma,
coagulation disorders, heart failure & hypertension, gastrointestinal disease, renal
disease, pregnancy.
What is the half-life of Ibuprofen? - ANSWER 2 to 2.5 hours.
What is the half-life of Piroxicam? - ANSWER 30 to 50 hours.
How are NSAIDs administered? - ANSWER Oral, topical, rectal, IV, IM.
Is it recommended to use more than one NSAID at a time? - ANSWER No, there is no
rationale for using more than one NSAID at a time.
Can Paracetamol and NSAIDs be used together? - ANSWER Yes, they can be used
together to manage patient's pain.
What are the benefits of using Paracetamol and NSAIDs together? - ANSWER Enables
smaller doses of NSAIDs to be used.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with dehydration? - ANSWER
Reduced renal function and risk of acute renal failure.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with asthma? - ANSWER
Increased risk of bronchospasm.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with coagulation disorders? -
ANSWER Increased risk of bleeding.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with heart failure and
hypertension? - ANSWER Can cause sodium and fluid retention.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with gastrointestinal disease? -
ANSWER Avoid in active peptic ulcer disease.
What are the potential risks of using NSAIDs in patients with renal disease? - ANSWER
