ECHE 3313 Final Exam Study Guide
Neuroplasticity - ANSWER the mind of a child will make more new connections in their
brain during the first years than any other time in their life
Innate ideas - ANSWER the idea that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge; not all
knowledge is gained from experience and the senses; learning is re-learning; John
Locke
Self-regulation - ANSWER control by one's self, exercised control independent of
supervision or rules/laws
Self-control - ANSWER the ability to control oneself, in particular one's emotions
Intellectual discipline - ANSWER the practice of obtaining specific information to
achieve a very specific purpose
Intrinsic - ANSWER refers to actions or things that are fundamentally interesting and
enjoyable; leads to quality learning and creativity
Extrinsic - ANSWER related to specified or particular desired outcomes
Behaviorism - ANSWER supports the premise that operant conditioning depends upon
the consequences of a response;
Constructivism - ANSWER assumes that the individual's basic mental structure
(thoughts) results from an interaction. Major emphasis is on the growth of children's
cognitive and verbal abilities; learner-directed, student-directed
Genetic predisposition - ANSWER a genetic characteristic which influences the possible
phenotype development of an individual organism within a species or population under
the influence of environmental conditions
Motivation - ANSWER circumstances that promote an eagerness to act or work
Reward - ANSWER
Punishment - ANSWER meant to curtail or stop a particular behavior
Philosophy - ANSWER the love of wisdom; study of basic ideas, reasoning, and value of
a set of ideas
Development - ANSWER the act of growth or progress
Autonomy - ANSWER the ability to decide what to do and how to do it
Egocentrism - ANSWER refers to the child's ability to see a situation from another
person's point of view
, Critical thinking - ANSWER the thinking process by which one questions, investigates,
analyzes, assesses, and evaluates problems, situations, concepts, and ideas
SPICE - ANSWER social, physical, intellectual, communication, emotional development
Cephalocaudal - ANSWER the body develops from head to toe (top to bottom)
Proximal distal - ANSWER the body develops from the center to the outer parts
Link between Cognition and Play development - ANSWER
Age/Stage Development - ANSWER
Axon - ANSWER a brand that connects brain cells
Dendrite - ANSWER a spiky projection that receives information from the axons of other
cells
Neurotransmitter - ANSWER chemical secreted by the sending neuron
Brain development - ANSWER most significant development during the infancy
Pruning - ANSWER elimination process of synapses; done to create efficiency and
speed within the brain
Myelination - ANSWER the natural growth in brain abilities and skills; begins in the first
year and continues through the adolescence period
Neuronal networks - ANSWER the foundation of learning; made up on cells called
neurons; infants begin to create thoughts, feelings, preferences, and memories
Facilitating the learning process - ANSWER provide opportunities for children to make
choices, engage in kinesthetic learning, collaborate with others, and practice
self-regulation
DAP (Developmentally Appropriate Practice) - ANSWER
Learning - ANSWER the subconsious or conscious development of new knowledge
-no matter when it begins, it is a process that occurs constantly throughout the life of
the individual
Teaching - ANSWER engaging the learner through their existing schema, stimulating
their natural curiosity and inspiring them to develop new schema that will further their
growth and development
Play - ANSWER what motivates individuals to engage, work, think, and question
-natural engagement that is self-selected, pleasing, self-determined, purposeful,
connected to personal meaning
Neuroplasticity - ANSWER the mind of a child will make more new connections in their
brain during the first years than any other time in their life
Innate ideas - ANSWER the idea that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge; not all
knowledge is gained from experience and the senses; learning is re-learning; John
Locke
Self-regulation - ANSWER control by one's self, exercised control independent of
supervision or rules/laws
Self-control - ANSWER the ability to control oneself, in particular one's emotions
Intellectual discipline - ANSWER the practice of obtaining specific information to
achieve a very specific purpose
Intrinsic - ANSWER refers to actions or things that are fundamentally interesting and
enjoyable; leads to quality learning and creativity
Extrinsic - ANSWER related to specified or particular desired outcomes
Behaviorism - ANSWER supports the premise that operant conditioning depends upon
the consequences of a response;
Constructivism - ANSWER assumes that the individual's basic mental structure
(thoughts) results from an interaction. Major emphasis is on the growth of children's
cognitive and verbal abilities; learner-directed, student-directed
Genetic predisposition - ANSWER a genetic characteristic which influences the possible
phenotype development of an individual organism within a species or population under
the influence of environmental conditions
Motivation - ANSWER circumstances that promote an eagerness to act or work
Reward - ANSWER
Punishment - ANSWER meant to curtail or stop a particular behavior
Philosophy - ANSWER the love of wisdom; study of basic ideas, reasoning, and value of
a set of ideas
Development - ANSWER the act of growth or progress
Autonomy - ANSWER the ability to decide what to do and how to do it
Egocentrism - ANSWER refers to the child's ability to see a situation from another
person's point of view
, Critical thinking - ANSWER the thinking process by which one questions, investigates,
analyzes, assesses, and evaluates problems, situations, concepts, and ideas
SPICE - ANSWER social, physical, intellectual, communication, emotional development
Cephalocaudal - ANSWER the body develops from head to toe (top to bottom)
Proximal distal - ANSWER the body develops from the center to the outer parts
Link between Cognition and Play development - ANSWER
Age/Stage Development - ANSWER
Axon - ANSWER a brand that connects brain cells
Dendrite - ANSWER a spiky projection that receives information from the axons of other
cells
Neurotransmitter - ANSWER chemical secreted by the sending neuron
Brain development - ANSWER most significant development during the infancy
Pruning - ANSWER elimination process of synapses; done to create efficiency and
speed within the brain
Myelination - ANSWER the natural growth in brain abilities and skills; begins in the first
year and continues through the adolescence period
Neuronal networks - ANSWER the foundation of learning; made up on cells called
neurons; infants begin to create thoughts, feelings, preferences, and memories
Facilitating the learning process - ANSWER provide opportunities for children to make
choices, engage in kinesthetic learning, collaborate with others, and practice
self-regulation
DAP (Developmentally Appropriate Practice) - ANSWER
Learning - ANSWER the subconsious or conscious development of new knowledge
-no matter when it begins, it is a process that occurs constantly throughout the life of
the individual
Teaching - ANSWER engaging the learner through their existing schema, stimulating
their natural curiosity and inspiring them to develop new schema that will further their
growth and development
Play - ANSWER what motivates individuals to engage, work, think, and question
-natural engagement that is self-selected, pleasing, self-determined, purposeful,
connected to personal meaning
