MSCI 500 Week 2 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
Epidemiologic Studies - Answers Examine global cancer incidence and environmental exposures.
Cancer Risk in Migrants - Answers Increased breast cancer risk with U.S. residency duration.
Cancer Incidence Variability - Answers Cancer rates differ by geography and genetics.
Gene-Environment Interactions - Answers Both genetics and environment influence cancer risk.
Strength of Association - Answers Strong effects indicate lower chance of random occurrence.
Temporal Relationship - Answers Exposure must occur before cancer development.
Biologic Plausibility - Answers Laboratory evidence supports the exposure-cancer association.
Dose-Response Relationship - Answers Increased exposure correlates with higher cancer risk.
Consistency - Answers Exposure-cancer relationship is consistent across studies.
Known Cancer Risk Factors - Answers Factors contributing to cancer deaths include diet and tobacco.
Tobacco Use - Answers Major preventable cancer risk factor, causing 30% of deaths.
Smoking and Lung Cancer - Answers 90% of lung cancer deaths linked to smoking.
Carcinogenic Compounds - Answers Tobacco smoke contains 55 known carcinogens.
Synergistic Effects - Answers Tobacco and alcohol increase risk for certain cancers.
Obesity and Cancer Deaths - Answers 14%-30% of cancer deaths linked to obesity.
Calorie Restriction - Answers May significantly reduce cancer risk in studies.
Adipose Tissue and Hormones - Answers Obesity alters hormone levels, affecting cancer risk.
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) - Answers Altered IGF-1 levels linked to obesity-related cancers.
Food Contaminants - Answers BPA and aflatoxins increase cancer risk.
Red Meat Consumption - Answers Linked to higher colorectal cancer risk.
Anticarcinogenic Foods - Answers Fruits and vegetables reduce cancer risk via antioxidants.
Herbal Supplements Risks - Answers Unvalidated supplements may pose health risks.
Carcinogenesis - Answers Process of normal cells transforming into cancerous cells.
Carcinogens - Answers Agents that cause cancer, like tobacco and chemicals.
, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Answers Carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke and coal
tar.
Mutagenesis - Answers Induction of mutations in DNA by carcinogens.
Epidemiology - Answers Study of cancer incidence and exposures in populations.
Gene-Environment Interactions - Answers Genetic factors modifying cancer risk from exposures.
Obesity - Answers Risk factor for cancer via hormone level alterations.
Endocrine Disruptors - Answers Chemicals disrupting hormone signaling, increasing cancer risk.
Anticarcinogenic Agents - Answers Compounds in foods that may prevent cancer development.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Answers Agency ensuring worker safety and
exposure limits.
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) - Answers Regulated exposure limits for hazardous substances.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Answers Regulates industrial pollution and carcinogenic
substances.
Bladder Cancer - Answers High incidence linked to aniline dye industry exposure.
Bone Cancer - Answers Caused by radium paint exposure in early 1900s.
Angiosarcoma - Answers Liver cancer from vinyl chloride exposure in workers.
IARC Classification - Answers Evaluates carcinogens based on human and animal evidence.
Group 1 Carcinogens - Answers Carcinogenic to humans with sufficient evidence.
Group 2A Carcinogens - Answers Probably carcinogenic to humans with limited evidence.
Group 2B Carcinogens - Answers Possibly carcinogenic to humans with inadequate evidence.
Group 3 Carcinogens - Answers Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans.
Group 4 Carcinogens - Answers Probably not carcinogenic to humans based on evidence.
Common Cancer Sites - Answers Specific cancers associated with various carcinogens.
Oral Cavity Carcinogens - Answers Alcohol, HPV, tobacco smoking linked to oral cancer.
Stomach Carcinogens - Answers Helicobacter pylori and tobacco smoking linked to stomach cancer.
Liver Carcinogens - Answers Aflatoxins and vinyl chloride linked to liver cancer.
Carcinogen - Answers Substance that promotes cancer development.
Epidemiologic Studies - Answers Examine global cancer incidence and environmental exposures.
Cancer Risk in Migrants - Answers Increased breast cancer risk with U.S. residency duration.
Cancer Incidence Variability - Answers Cancer rates differ by geography and genetics.
Gene-Environment Interactions - Answers Both genetics and environment influence cancer risk.
Strength of Association - Answers Strong effects indicate lower chance of random occurrence.
Temporal Relationship - Answers Exposure must occur before cancer development.
Biologic Plausibility - Answers Laboratory evidence supports the exposure-cancer association.
Dose-Response Relationship - Answers Increased exposure correlates with higher cancer risk.
Consistency - Answers Exposure-cancer relationship is consistent across studies.
Known Cancer Risk Factors - Answers Factors contributing to cancer deaths include diet and tobacco.
Tobacco Use - Answers Major preventable cancer risk factor, causing 30% of deaths.
Smoking and Lung Cancer - Answers 90% of lung cancer deaths linked to smoking.
Carcinogenic Compounds - Answers Tobacco smoke contains 55 known carcinogens.
Synergistic Effects - Answers Tobacco and alcohol increase risk for certain cancers.
Obesity and Cancer Deaths - Answers 14%-30% of cancer deaths linked to obesity.
Calorie Restriction - Answers May significantly reduce cancer risk in studies.
Adipose Tissue and Hormones - Answers Obesity alters hormone levels, affecting cancer risk.
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) - Answers Altered IGF-1 levels linked to obesity-related cancers.
Food Contaminants - Answers BPA and aflatoxins increase cancer risk.
Red Meat Consumption - Answers Linked to higher colorectal cancer risk.
Anticarcinogenic Foods - Answers Fruits and vegetables reduce cancer risk via antioxidants.
Herbal Supplements Risks - Answers Unvalidated supplements may pose health risks.
Carcinogenesis - Answers Process of normal cells transforming into cancerous cells.
Carcinogens - Answers Agents that cause cancer, like tobacco and chemicals.
, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Answers Carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke and coal
tar.
Mutagenesis - Answers Induction of mutations in DNA by carcinogens.
Epidemiology - Answers Study of cancer incidence and exposures in populations.
Gene-Environment Interactions - Answers Genetic factors modifying cancer risk from exposures.
Obesity - Answers Risk factor for cancer via hormone level alterations.
Endocrine Disruptors - Answers Chemicals disrupting hormone signaling, increasing cancer risk.
Anticarcinogenic Agents - Answers Compounds in foods that may prevent cancer development.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Answers Agency ensuring worker safety and
exposure limits.
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) - Answers Regulated exposure limits for hazardous substances.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Answers Regulates industrial pollution and carcinogenic
substances.
Bladder Cancer - Answers High incidence linked to aniline dye industry exposure.
Bone Cancer - Answers Caused by radium paint exposure in early 1900s.
Angiosarcoma - Answers Liver cancer from vinyl chloride exposure in workers.
IARC Classification - Answers Evaluates carcinogens based on human and animal evidence.
Group 1 Carcinogens - Answers Carcinogenic to humans with sufficient evidence.
Group 2A Carcinogens - Answers Probably carcinogenic to humans with limited evidence.
Group 2B Carcinogens - Answers Possibly carcinogenic to humans with inadequate evidence.
Group 3 Carcinogens - Answers Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans.
Group 4 Carcinogens - Answers Probably not carcinogenic to humans based on evidence.
Common Cancer Sites - Answers Specific cancers associated with various carcinogens.
Oral Cavity Carcinogens - Answers Alcohol, HPV, tobacco smoking linked to oral cancer.
Stomach Carcinogens - Answers Helicobacter pylori and tobacco smoking linked to stomach cancer.
Liver Carcinogens - Answers Aflatoxins and vinyl chloride linked to liver cancer.
Carcinogen - Answers Substance that promotes cancer development.
