EMT FINAL EXAM REVIEW
"Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means: - ANS -stomach.
\A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is
applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small
amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: - ANS -apply an occlusive dressing to the wound
and continue your assessment.
\A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and
symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via
intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved.
You should: - ANS -repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
\A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. When you arrive, you
determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff.
You should: - ANS -inform the child's mother that her son is deceased.
\A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot
speak after playing with a small toy. You should: - ANS -perform abdominal thrusts.
\A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her
hands and feet after an argument with her fiance. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You
should: - ANS -provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.
\A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an
oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody
secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? - ANS -Alternate 15 seconds of
oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
\A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an
oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody
secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? - ANS -The correct answer is:
Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
\A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow
and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should: - ANS -insert a nasal
airway and ventilate with a BVM.
\A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is
conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area
of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing
supplemental oxygen, you should: - ANS -prepare for immediate transport.
\A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During
transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You
should: - ANS -place her in a left lateral recumbent position.
\A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations
are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police
officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's
car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: - ANS -asthma.
,\A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find
bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral
scleral hemorrhaging. You should: - ANS -aggressively manage his airway.
\A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment
reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the
house. You should: - ANS -begin CPR and apply the AED.
\A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her
eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing
problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - ANS -close her eyes and cover
them with a moist dressing.
\A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw
and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: - ANS -follow appropriate
standard precautions.
\A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his
mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying
uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: - ANS -ask the father to hold
the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.
\A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring
respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: - ANS
-open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
\A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the
AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator
(AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? - ANS -Deliver the
shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.
\A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another
vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of
her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In
addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: - ANS
-posterior hip dislocation.
\A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his
feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing
adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: - ANS -immobilize his spine and perform a
focused secondary exam.
\A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has
possibly sustained a fracture of the _______________ forearm. - ANS -distal
\A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess
him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in
shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: - ANS -smallpox
\A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his
respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low.
The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but
would not allow her to call 9- 1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: -
ANS -cardiogenic hypoperfusion.
, \A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him
put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious,
obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: - ANS -encourage him to cough,
give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
\A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty
and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: - ANS -aortic aneurysm.
\A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory
distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear
widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only
speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: - ANS -apply a CPAP device,
monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.
\A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to
recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and
adequate breathing. You should: - ANS -ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.
\A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her
from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart
attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate
breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment
for this patient includes: - ANS -placing her in an upright position.
\A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood
pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was
uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes
beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely
explanation for the absence of tachycardia? - ANS -The effects of her antihypertensive
medication
\A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD,
depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100
beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline
(Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? -
ANS -High blood pressure
\A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of
severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate
is 120 beats/min. Which of the following is NOT indicated for this patient? - ANS -Gentle
palpation of the pelvis
\A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly
began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84
mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg
tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: - ANS -recall that
geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate
modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
\A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of
weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2
hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: - ANS -a heart attack.
"Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means: - ANS -stomach.
\A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is
applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small
amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: - ANS -apply an occlusive dressing to the wound
and continue your assessment.
\A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and
symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via
intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved.
You should: - ANS -repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
\A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. When you arrive, you
determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff.
You should: - ANS -inform the child's mother that her son is deceased.
\A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot
speak after playing with a small toy. You should: - ANS -perform abdominal thrusts.
\A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her
hands and feet after an argument with her fiance. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You
should: - ANS -provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.
\A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an
oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody
secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? - ANS -Alternate 15 seconds of
oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
\A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an
oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody
secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? - ANS -The correct answer is:
Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
\A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow
and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should: - ANS -insert a nasal
airway and ventilate with a BVM.
\A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is
conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area
of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing
supplemental oxygen, you should: - ANS -prepare for immediate transport.
\A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During
transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You
should: - ANS -place her in a left lateral recumbent position.
\A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations
are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police
officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's
car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: - ANS -asthma.
,\A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find
bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral
scleral hemorrhaging. You should: - ANS -aggressively manage his airway.
\A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment
reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the
house. You should: - ANS -begin CPR and apply the AED.
\A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her
eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing
problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - ANS -close her eyes and cover
them with a moist dressing.
\A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw
and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: - ANS -follow appropriate
standard precautions.
\A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his
mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying
uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: - ANS -ask the father to hold
the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.
\A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring
respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: - ANS
-open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
\A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the
AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator
(AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? - ANS -Deliver the
shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.
\A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another
vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of
her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In
addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: - ANS
-posterior hip dislocation.
\A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his
feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing
adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: - ANS -immobilize his spine and perform a
focused secondary exam.
\A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has
possibly sustained a fracture of the _______________ forearm. - ANS -distal
\A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess
him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in
shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: - ANS -smallpox
\A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his
respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low.
The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but
would not allow her to call 9- 1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: -
ANS -cardiogenic hypoperfusion.
, \A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him
put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious,
obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: - ANS -encourage him to cough,
give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
\A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty
and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: - ANS -aortic aneurysm.
\A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory
distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear
widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only
speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: - ANS -apply a CPAP device,
monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.
\A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to
recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and
adequate breathing. You should: - ANS -ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.
\A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her
from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart
attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate
breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment
for this patient includes: - ANS -placing her in an upright position.
\A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood
pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was
uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes
beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely
explanation for the absence of tachycardia? - ANS -The effects of her antihypertensive
medication
\A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD,
depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100
beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline
(Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? -
ANS -High blood pressure
\A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of
severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate
is 120 beats/min. Which of the following is NOT indicated for this patient? - ANS -Gentle
palpation of the pelvis
\A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly
began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84
mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg
tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: - ANS -recall that
geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate
modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
\A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of
weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2
hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: - ANS -a heart attack.
